Abstract
This article provides a broad overview on the natural polymer-based bio-nanocomposite properties, processing and application. Bio-nanocomposites prepared with natural biopolymers, such as starch and protein, can be formed using a melt intercalation or a solvent intercalation method. Incorporation of layered silicates into the biopolymer matrices results in improved mechanical properties, water vapor barrier properties, and thermal stability of the resulting bio-nanocomposites without sacrificing biodegradability due to their nanometer size dispersion. Consequently, even though natural polymer-based bio-nanocomposite is in its infancy, it has a huge potential in the future.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Waste online (2007). https://doi.org/www.wasteonline.org.uk. Accessed 5 April 2007
Marsh K, Bugusu B (2007) J Food Sci 72(3):39
ElAmin A (2006) News Headlines: Industry & markets 31/07/2006
Kale G, Kijchavengkul T et al (2007) Macromol Biosci 7(3):255
Howell SG (1992) J Hazard Mater 29(2):143
Cao AM (2002) China Environmental Protection Industry 1:86
Aguado J, Serrano D (1999) Feedstock recycling of plastic wastes. Royal Society of Chemistry Publisher, pp 20–31
Rhim JW, Ng PKW (2007) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 47(4):411
Monteavaro LL, da Silva EO et al (2005) J Am Oil Chem Soc 82(5):365
Mallapragada SK, Narasimhan B (2006) Handbook of biodegradable polymeric materials and applications, vol 1. American Scientific Publishers, pp 1–6, 154–197
Ray SS, Bousmina M (2005) Prog Mater Sci 50(8):962
Sorrentino A, Gorrasi G et al (2007) Trends Food Sci Technol 18(2):84
Debeaufort F, Quezada-Gallo JA et al (1998) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr (4):299
Chaudhary AL, Sopade PA, Torley PJ, Halley PJ (2007) Biomacromolecules (submitted)
Kojima Y, Usuki A et al (1993) J Mater Res 8(5):1185
Lan T, Pinnavaia TJ (1994) Chem Mater 6(12):2216
LeBaron PC, Pinnavaia TJ (2001) Chem Mater 13(10):3760
Yano K, Usuki A et al (1997) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 35(11):2289
Messersmith PB, Giannelis EP (1995) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 33(7):1047
Hasegawa N, Kawasumi M et al (1998) J Appl Poly Sci 67(1):87
Alexandre M, Dubois P (2000) Mater Sci Eng R Rep 28(1–2):1
Carrado KA (2000) Appl Clay Sci 17(1–2):1
LeBaron PC, Wang Z, Pinnavaia TJ (1999) Appl Clay Sci 15(1–2):11
McGlashan SA, Halley PJ (2003) Polym Int 52(11):1767
Berglund L (2005) In: Natural fibers, biopolymers, and biocomposites. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 808
Kalambur S, Rizvi SSH (2005) J Appl Poly Sci 96(4):1072
Kalambur SB, Rizvi SS (2004) Polym Int 53(10):1413
Kalambur S, Rizvi SSH (2006) Polym Eng Sci 46(5):650
Shogren RL, Fanta GF et al (1993) Starch-Starke 45(8):276
Krochta JM, Baldwin EA et al (1994) Edible coatings and films to improve food quality. Technomic Publishing Company Inc., Lancaster, pp 213–258, 308–329
Stepto RFT (2003) Macromol Symp 201(9):203
Ollett AL, Parker R et al (1991) J Mater Sci 26(5):1351. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00544476
Slade L, Levine H (1993) Carbohydr Polym 21(2–3):105
Avella M, De Vlieger JJ et al (2005) Food Chem 93(3):467
Wilhelm HM, Sierakowski MR et al (2003) Polym Int 52(6):1035
Wilhelm HM, Sierakowski MR et al (2003) Carbohydr Polym 52(2):101
Park HM, Li X et al (2002) Macromol Mater Eng 287(8):553
Park HM, Lee WK et al (2003) J Mater Sci 38(5):909. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022308705231
Pandey JK, Kumar AP et al (2005) J Nanosci Nanotechnol 5(4):497
Pandey JP, Singh RP (2005) Starch/Starke 57(1):8
Huang M, Yu J (2006) J Appl Poly Sci 99:170
Chiou BS, Yee E et al (2006) Cereal Chem 83(2):300
Chiou BS, Yee E et al (2005) Carbohydr Polym 59(4):467
Qiao X, Jiang W et al (2005) Starch/Starke 57(12):581
Chen B, Evans JRG (2005) Carbohydr Polym 61(4):455
Bagdi K, Muller P et al (2006) Compos Interface 13(1):1
Dean K, Yu L et al (2007) J Appl Poly Sci 103(2):802
Dean K, Yu L et al (2007) Compos Sci Technol 67(3–4):413
Chen M, Chen B et al (2005) Nanotechnology 16(10):2334
Krochta JM (2002) In: Gennadios A (ed) Protein-based films and coatings. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1–41
Dean K, Yu L (2005) In: Smith R (ed) Biodegradable polymers for industrial application. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 289–309
Zheng JP, Li P et al (2002) J Appl Poly Sci 86(5):1189–1194
Arnall AH (2003) Canonbury villas. Greenpeace Environmental Trust, London
Ohshima K (2003) J Jpn Soc Food Sci Technol-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kaishi 50(1):35
Rhim JW, Hong SI et al (2006) J Agric Food Chem 54(16):5814
Huang Z, Chen H, Yip A (2003) J Nanoparticle Res 5(3–4):333
Sanguansri P, Augustin MA (2006) Trends Food Sci Technol 17(10):547
Giannelis EP (1996) Adv Mater 8(1):29
Ray SS, Okamoto M (2003) Prog Polym Sci 28(11):1539
Lagaly G (1999) Appl Clay Sci 15(1–2):1
Manias E, Touny A et al (2001) Chem Mater 13:3516
Strawhecker KE, Manias E (2000) Chem Mater 12:2943
Weiss J, Takhistov P et al (2006) J Food Sci 71(9):107
Petersen K, Nielsen PV et al (1999) Trends Food Sci Technol 10:52
Krochta JM, Mulder-Johnston de C (1997) Food Technol 51:61
Leaversuch RD (1996) Mod Plast 73(1):95
Ma C (2006) Liaoning Chemical Industry 35(4):219
Tian YK (1999) Shanghai Chemical Industry 24(7):27
Bonora M, De Corte D (2003) Macromol Sym 197(7):443
Scarascia-Mugnozza G, Schettini E et al (2006) Polym Degrad Stab 91(11):2801
Shen ZQ, Simon GP et al (2002) Polymer 43(15):4251
Cho JW, Paul DR (2001) Polymer 42(3):1083
Fornes TD, Yoon PJ et al (2001) Polymer 42(25):09929
Schmidt D, Shah D et al (2002) Curr Opin Solid St Mater Sci 6(3):205
Pandey JK, Reddy KR et al (2005) Polym Degrad Stab 88(2):234
Dennis HR, Hunter DL et al (2001) Polymer 42(23):9513
Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1997) Macromolecules 30(25):7990
Vaia RA, Giannelis EP (1997) Macromolecules 30(25):8000
Hong HQ, Jia DM et al (2006) Chinese J Mater Res 20(2):197
Wan CJ, Yu LY et al (2006) Trans Nonferr Metal Soc China 16(2):s508
Cai YB, Hu Y et al (2007) J Mater Sci 42(14):5524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1077-5
Ozdemir M, Floros JD (2004) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 44:185
Fowler PA, Hughes JM et al (2006) J Sci Food Agric 86(12):1781
Joue¨t JP (2001) Plasticulture 120(2):108
Jana T, Roy BC et al (2001) Eur Polym J 37(4):861
Wang YZ, Yang KK et al (2004) J Polym Environ 12(1):7
Yew SP, Tang HY et al (2006) Polym Degrad Stab 91(8):1800
Ruiz-Hickey ER, Darder M et al (2005) J Mater Chem 15(35–36):3650
Ray SS, Yamada K et al (2002) Nano Lett 2(10):1093
Ball S, Guan HP et al (1996) Cell 86(9):349
Oya A, Kurokawa Y et al (2000) J Mater Sci 35(5):1045. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004773222849
Buleon A, Colonna P et al (1998) Int J Biol Macromol 23:85
Poutanen K, Forssell P (1996) Trends Polym Sci 4(4):128
Colonna P, Buleon A et al (1982) Carbohydr Polym 2:43
Imbery A, Buleon A et al (1991) STARCH-STARKE 43(10):375
Colonna P, Buleon A et al (1981) J Food Sci 46:88
Okamoto M, Nam PH et al (2001) Nano Letters 1:295
Dufresne A, Cavaille JY (1998) J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 36(12):2211
Liao HT, Wu CS (2005) J Appl Poly Sci 97(1):397
Kvien I, Sugiyama J et al (2007) J Mater Sci 42(19):8163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1699-2
Averous L, Moro L et al (2000) Polymer 41(11):4157
Averous L, Fringant C et al (2001) Polymer 42(15):6565
Averous L, Boquillon N (2004) Carbohydr Polym 56(2):111
Huang MF, Yu JG et al (2004) Polymer 45(20):7017
Zhang W, Xu SY et al (2003) Food chemistry, 3rd edn. China Light Industry Press, Beijing, pp 267–302
Damodaran S (1994) Protein functionality in food system. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 1–38
Phillips MC (1981) Food Technol (Chicago) 35:50
Miller KS, Krochta JM (1997) Trends Food Sci Technol 8:228
Cuq B, Gontard N et al (1998) Cereal Chem 75(1):1
Brandenburg AH, Weller CL et al (1993) J Food Sci 58(5):1086
Hernandez-Munoz P (2003) J Agric Food Chem 51:7647
Yu L, Dean K et al (2006) Prog Polym Sci 31(6):576
Tunc S, Angellier H et al (2007) J Membrane Sci 289(1–2):159
Dalgleish DG, Kinsella JE et al (1989) Food proteins. American Oil Chemists Society, Champagne, pp 155–178
Brunner JR, Whitaker JR et al (1977) Food proteins. AVI Publishers, Inc., Westport, pp 175–208
Graveland-Bikker JF, de Kruif CG (2006) Trends Food Sci Technol 17(5):196
Hedenqvist MS, Backman A et al (2006) Compos Sci Technol 66(13):2350
Snyder HE, Kwon TW (1987) Soybean utilization. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc., New York
Mounts TL, Wolf WJ et al (1987) In: Wilcox JR (ed) Soybean: improvement, production, and uses, 2nd edn. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, pp 820–866
Rhim JW, Lee JH et al (2005) Food Sci Biotechnol 14(1):112
Chen P, Zhang L (2006) Biomacromolecules 7(6):1700
Yu JH, Cui GJ et al (2007) J Appl Poly Sci 104(5):3367
Eastoe JE, Leach AA (1977) The science and technology of gelatin. Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp 73–107
Kim HW, Song JH et al (2005) Adv Funct Mater 15(12):1988
Li JJ, Chen YP et al (2007) Biomaterials 28(5):781
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, R., Torley, P. & Halley, P.J. Emerging biodegradable materials: starch- and protein-based bio-nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 43, 3058–3071 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2434-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2434-8