Abstract
Having a child with a chronic disease can cause anxiety and depression, which may impair the sleep quality of mothers. The aim of this study was to compare physical activity level, sleep quality, anxiety and depression in mothers of hospitalized cystic fibrosis patients, cystic fibrosis outpatients and healthy controls. Twenty-three of the patients were hospitalized and 38 were outpatients and 37 age-matched healthy children served as controls. The mothers’ fatigue levels, sleep disturbances, stress levels and perceptions of their child’s disease severity were assessed with a Visual Analog Scale. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered to the mothers of children. Mothers of hospitalized and outpatient cystic fibrosis children had significantly higher fatigue severity, sleep disturbance, and stress level according to Visual Analog Scale than mothers of healthy controls. All of International Physical Activity Questionnaire scores were significantly lower in cystic fibrosis patients’ mothers than healthy controls’. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index subdomains and total scores of hospitalized patients’ mothers were higher than those of the other two groups (p < 0.05). Chronic illness in children with cystic fibrosis may impair the physical activity level, sleep quality and psychological state of their mothers, especially during hospitalization period.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott, J., Holt, A., Morton, A. M., Hart, A., Milne, G., & Wolfe, S. P., et al. (2012). Patient indicators of a pulmonary exacerbation: Preliminary reports from school aged children map onto those of adults. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 11, 180–186. doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2011.11.005.
Agargun, M. Y., Kara, H., & Anlar, O. (1996). The validity and reliability of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 7, 107–115.
Altenburg, J., Wortel, K., de Graaff, C. S., van der Werf, T. S., & Boersma, W. G. (2014). Validation of a visual analogue score (LRTI-VAS) in non-CF bronchiectasis. The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 10, 168–175. doi:10.1111/crj.12198.
Aydemir, O. (1997). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 8, 280–287.
Besier, T., & Goldbeck, L. (2011). Anxiety and depression in adolescents with CF and their caregivers. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 10, 435–442. doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2011.06.012.
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, 3rd, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193–213.
Caci, H., Baylé, F. J., Mattei, V., Dossios, C., Robert, P., & Boyer, P. (2003). How does the Hospital and Anxiety and Depression Scale measure anxiety and depression in healthy subjects? Psychiatry Research, 118, 89–99.
Cappelli, M., McGrath, P. J., MacDonald, N. E., Katsanis, J., & Lascelles, M. (1989). Parental care and overprotection of children with cystic fibrosis. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 62, 281–289.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Domholdt, E. (1993). Physical therapy research: Principles and Applications (1st ed.). Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Eccleston, C., Palermo, T. M., Fisher, E., & Law, E. (2012). Psychological interventions for parents of children and adolescents with chronic illness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, CD009660. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009660.pub2.
Eccleston, C., Fisher, E., Law, E., Bartlett, J., & Palermo, T. M. (2015). Psychological interventions for parents of children and adolescents with chronic illness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD009660. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009660.pub3.
Friedman, D., Holmbeck, G. N., Jandasek, B., Zukerman, J., & Abad, M. (2004). Parent functioning in families of preadolescents with spina bifida: Longitudinal implications for child adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 609–619.
Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2013). Using SPSS for windows and macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
Happ, M. B., Hoffman, L. A., Higgins, L. W., Divirgilio, D., & Orenstein, D. M. (2013). Parent and child perceptions of a self-regulated, home-based exercise program for children with cystic fibrosis. Nursing Research, 62, 305–314. doi:10.1097/NNR.0b013e3182a03503.
Hayran, M., & Hayran, M. (2011). Sağlık Araştırmaları İçin Temel İstatistik (1st ed.). Ankara, Turkey: Omega yayınları.
Law, E. F., Fisher, E., Fales, J., Noel, M., & Eccleston, C. (2014). Systematic review and meta-analysis of parent and family-based interventions for children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39, 866–886. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsu032.
McCann, D. (2008). Sleep deprivation is an additional stress for parents staying in hospital. Journal of Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 13, 111–122. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6155.2008.00142.x.
Meltzer, L. J., & Mindell, J. A. (2006). Impact of a child’s chronic illness on maternal sleep and daytime functioning. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1749–1755.
Meltzer, L. J., Davis, K. F., & Mindell, J. A. (2012). Patient and parent sleep in a children’s hospital. Pediatric Nursing Journal, 38, 64–71.
Moola, F. J., Faulkner, G. E., & Schneiderman, J. E. (2012). “No time to play”: Perceptions toward physical activity in youth with cystic fibrosis. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 29, 44–62.
Moore, L. L., Lombardi, D. A., White, M. J., Campbell, J. L., Oliveria, S. A., & Ellison, R. C. (1991). Influence of parents’ physical activity levels on activity levels of young children. Journal of Pediatrics, 118, 215–219.
Redding, G. J., Restuccia, R., Cotton, E. K., & Brooks, J. G. (1982). Serial changes in pulmonary functions in children hospitalized with cystic fibrosis. The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 126, 31–36.
Robinson, K. E., Gerhardt, C. A., Vannatta, K., & Noll, R. B. (2007). Parent and family factors associated with child adjustment to pediatric cancer. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32, 400–410.
Quittner, A. L., Abbott, J., Georgiopoulos, A. M., Goldbeck, L., Smith, B., Hempstead, S. E., et al. (2015). The international committee on mental health. International committee on mental health in cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis foundation and european cystic fibrosis society consensus statements for screening and treating depression and anxiety. Thorax, 0, 1–9. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207488.
Safa, M., Khalilzadeh, S., Talischi, F., & Alizadeh, S. (2012). Correlation of anxiety-depression and sleep quality in mothers of children with cystic fibrosis and asthma. Tanaffos, 11, 44–48.
Saglam, M., Arikan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., et al. (2010). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual Motor Skills, 111, 278–284.
Stremler, R., Adams, S., & Dryden-Palmer, K. (2015). Nurses’ views of factors affecting sleep for hospitalized children and their families: A focus group study. Research in Nursing&Health, 38, 311–322.
Yilmaz, O., Sogut, A., Gulle, S., Can, D., Ertan, P., & Yuksel, H. (2008). Sleep quality and depression-anxiety in mothers of children with two chronic respiratory diseases: Asthma and cystic fibrosis. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 7, 495–500. doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2008.05.002.
Yuksel, H., Sogut, A., Yilmaz, O., Demet, M., Ergin, D., & Kirmaz, C. (2007). Evaluation of sleep quality and anxiety-depression parameters in asthmatic children and their mothers. Respiratory Medicine, 101, 2550–2554.
Ziaian, T., Sawyer, M. G., Reynolds, K. E., Carbone, J. A., Clark, J. J., Baghurst, P. A., et al. (2006). Treatment burden and health-related quality of life of children with diabetes, cystic fibrosis and asthma. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 42, 596–600.
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vardar-Yagli, N., Saglam, M., Inal-Ince, D. et al. Hospitalization of Children with Cystic Fibrosis Adversely Affects Mothers’ Physical Activity, Sleep Quality, and Psychological Status. J Child Fam Stud 26, 800–809 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0593-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0593-4