Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Systematic evaluation of sample preparation method for simultaneous voltammetric determination of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in macroalgae

  • Published:
Journal of Applied Phycology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, four mineralization procedures of macroalgae were evaluated. Two methods used a closed system microwave) and two an open system (strong acid and ultraviolet radiation). Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu were determined by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) was used as comparative method. Determinations of total, inorganic, and organic carbon, as well as the study of matrix effect, were performed. It could be observed that, although mineralizations accomplished with open systems presented lower levels of total carbon and lower matrix effect, the determinations of compounds from standard reference material (SRM) did not show acceptable recoveries. However, the mineralization using microwave (closed system—methods A and B) showed recovery within the acceptable range to all compounds (78 to 115 %), and after statistical analysis, it can be concluded that the method A is more accurate than the method B; therefore, most suitable for macroalgae mineralization and simultaneous determination of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu by voltammetry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agazzi A, Pirola C (2000) Fundamentals, methods and future trends of environmental microwave sample preparation. Microchem J 67:337–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akcali I, Kucuksezgin F (2011) A biomonitoring study: heavy metals in macroalgae from eastern Aegean coastal areas. Mar Poll Bull 62:637–645

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aleixo LM (2003) Voltametria: Conceitos e Técnicas. Chemkeys - Liberdade para aprender. http://chemkeys.com/br/2003/03/25/voltametria-conceitos-e-tecnicas/. Accessed 6 Apr 2016

  • Arruda MAZ, Santelli RE (1997) Mecanização no preparo de amostras por microondas: o estado da arte. Quím Nov 20:638–643

  • Bianchi TS (2007) Biogeochemistry of estuaries. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Brett AMO, Brett CMA (1996) Eletroquímica: princípios, métodos e aplicações. Almedina, Coimbra

    Google Scholar 

  • Brito GB, Souza TL, Bressy FC, Moura CWN, Korn MGA (2012) Levels and spatial distribution of trace elements in macroalgae species from the Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil. Mar Poll Bull 64:2238–2244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caliceti M, Argese E, Sfriso A, Pavoni B (2002) Heavy metal contamination in the seaweeds of the Venice lagoon. Chemosphere 47:443–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campos MLAM, Mello LC, Zanette DR, Sierra MMS, Bendo A (2001) Construção e otimização de um reator de baixo custo para a fotodegradação da matéria orgânica em águas naturais e sua aplicação no estudo da especiação do cobre por voltametria. Quím Nov 24:257–261

  • Carvalho LM, Spengler C, Garmatz JC, Nascimento PC, Bohrer D, Del-Fabro L, Radis G, Bolli AA, Garcia SC, Moro AM, Rosa MB (2008) Voltammetric determination of metals in waters and biological fluids using sample mineralization with ultraviolet radiation. Quím Nov 31:1336–1342

  • Cavicchioli A, Gutz IGR (2003) O uso de radiação ultravioleta para o pré-tratamento de amostras em análise inorgânica. Quím Nov 26:913–921

  • Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya T, Singh G, Maity JP (2014) Benthic macroalgae as biological indicators of heavy metal pollution in the marine environments: a biomonitoring approach for pollution assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 100:61–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Economou A, Botitsi H, Antoniou S, Tsipi D (2009) Determination of multi-class pesticides in wines by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216:5856–5867

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farı́as S, Arisnabarreta SP, Vodopivez C, Smichowski P (2002) Levels of essential and potentially toxic trace metals in Antarctic macro algae. Spectrochim Acta Part B 57:2133–2140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gouvêa MM, Lima GS, Neto AAS, Netto ADP, Marques FFC (2014) Aplicação da radiação ultravioleta como forma de contribuição para a química verde e construção de um reator fotoquímico alternativo e de baixo custo, para pré-tratamento de amostras. Quím Nov 37:337–343

  • Kowalska J, Giska I, Jedynak L, Krasnodebska-Ostrega B, Paldyna J, Sadowska M, Golimowski J (2012) Voltammetry as a reference method in the preparation process of plant control material containing As, Pt and Tl. Electroanal 24:1109–1113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krasnodebska-Ostrega B, Piekarska J (2005) Determination of lead and cadmium at silver electrode by subtractive anodic stripping voltammetry in plant materials containing Tl. Electroanal 17:815–818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krasnodebska-Ostrega B, Stryjewska E (2004) Voltammetric determination of thallium in water and plant material. Chem Anal-Warsaw 49:519–526

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krasnodebska-Ostrega B, Bielecka A, Biadun E, Miecznikowski K (2016) Mesoporous film of WO3—the “sunlight” assisted decomposition of surfactant in wastewater for voltammetric determination of Pb. Appl Surf Sci. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.03.187

    Google Scholar 

  • Krug FJ (2010) Métodos de Preparo de Amostras: Fundamentos sobre preparo de amostras orgânicas e inorgânicas para análise elementar. Piracicaba, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Labuda J, Saur D, Neeb R (1994) Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of heavy metals in solutions containing humic acids. Fresenius J Anal Chem 348:312–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lejbt B, Ospina-Alvarez N, Miecznikowski K, Krasnodebska-Ostrega B (2016) TiO2 assisted photo-oxidation of wastewater prior to voltammetric determination of trace metals: eco-friendly alternative to traditional digestion methods. Appl Surf Sci. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.112

    Google Scholar 

  • Machado ALS, Ferreira AG, Zalmon IR (2003) Metais pesados em macroalgas marinhas na costa norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Brasil. Tropical Oceanography 31:71–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahesar SA, Sherazi STH, Niaz A, Bhanger MI, Rauf A (2010) Simultaneous assessment of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in poultry feeds by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Food Chem Toxicol 48:2357–2360

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JM, Huang WW, Yoon YY (1994) Level and fate of trace metals in the lagoon of Venice (Italy). Mar Chem 46:371–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meepun N, Siriket S, Dejmanee S (2012) Adsorptive stripping voltammetry for determination of cadmium in the presence of cupferron on a nafion-coated bismuth film electrode. Int J Electrochem Sci 7:10582–10591

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meeravali NN, Kumar SJ (2000) Slurry-sampling with rapid atomization versus microwave digestion with conventional atomization for the determination of copper, manganese and nickel in algae matrix using transverse heated-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 404:295–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mesko MF, Picoloto RS, Ferreira LR, Costa VC, Pereira CMP, Colepicolo P, Muller EI, Flores EMM (2015) Ultraviolet radiation combined with microwave-assisted wet digestion of Antarctic seaweeds for further determination of toxic elements by ICP-MS. J Anal At Spectrom 30:260–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papa M, Casoria P, Guida M (2008) Determination of heavy metal in seawater and macroalgae of shorelines of Naples and Ischia Island, Italy. Chem Ecol 24:27–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribani M, Bottoli CBG, Collins CH, Jardim ICSF, Melo LFC (2004) Validação em métodos cromatográficos e eletroforéticos. Quím Nov 27:771–780

  • Rocha SR, Sanchez-Muniz FJ, Gómez-Juaristi M, Larrea Marín MT (2009) Trace elements determination in edible seaweeds by an optimized and validated ICP-MS method. J Food Compos Anal 22:330–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahbazi Y, Ahmadi F, Fakhari F (2016) Voltammetric determination of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Se in milk and dairy products collected from Iran: an emphasis on permissible limits and risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals. Food Chem 192:1060–1067

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith FE, Arsenault EA (1996) Microwave-assisted sample preparation in analytical chemistry. Talanta 43:1207–1268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Souza D, Machado SAS, Avaca LA (2003) Voltametria de onda quadrada. Primeira parte: aspectos teóricos Quím Nov 26:81–89

  • Souza D, Codognoto L, Malagutti AR, Toledo RA, Pedrosa VA, Oliveira RTS, Mazo LH, Avaca LA, Machado SAS (2004) Voltametria de onda quadrada. Segunda parte: aplicações. Quím Nov 27:790–797

  • Stengel DB, Macken A, Morrison L, Morley N (2004) Zinc concentrations in marine macroalgae and a lichen from western Ireland in relation to phylogenetic grouping, habitat and morphology. Mar Poll Bull 48:902–909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeppler M, Nürnberg HW (1979) Comparative studies on trace metal levels in marine biota: III. Typical levels and accumulation of toxic trace metals in muscle tissue and organs of marine organisms from different European seas. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 3:335–351

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stryjewska E, Krasnodebska B, Biata H, Teperekand J, Rubel S (1994) Heavy metal determination in moss samples from the Kampinos National Park. Chern Anal-Warsaw 39:483–490

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamayo AIB, Guas AME, Leyte-Vidal JJP, Maccini M (2014) Analytical method for heavy metal determination in algae and turtle eggs from Guanahacabibes protected sea park. J Electrochem Sci Eng 4:145–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos MTSD, Leal MFC (1997) Speciation of Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg in waters of the Oporto coast in Portugal, using pre-concentration in a chelamine resin column. Anal Chim Acta 353:189–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos MTSD, Leal MFC (2001) Seasonal variability in the kinetics of Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg accumulation by macroalgae. Mar Chem 74:65–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos MTSD, Leal MFC, Van den Berg CMG (2002) Influence of the nature of the exudates released by different marine algae on the growth, trace metal uptake and exudation of Emiliania huxleyi in natural seawater. Mar Chem 77:187–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vidotti EC, Rollemberg MCE (2004) Algas: da economia nos ambientes aquáticos à bioremediação e à química analítica. Quím Nov 27:139–145

Download references

Acknowledgments

The researchers gratefully acknowledge the financial support to the Brazilian Foundations FAPERGS, FAPESP and CNPq (ProAntar n° 407588/2013-2).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália, Km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil

    Leandro S. Almeida, Nivia Streit, Daniel Costa, Elisa R. Seus & Daiane Dias

  2. Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália, Km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil

    Daniel Costa, Elisa R. Seus & Carlos F. F. Andrade

  3. Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96001-970, Brazil

    Claudio M. P. Pereira

  4. Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil

    Pio Colepicolo

Authors
  1. Leandro S. Almeida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nivia Streit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daniel Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Elisa R. Seus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Carlos F. F. Andrade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Claudio M. P. Pereira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Pio Colepicolo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Daiane Dias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daiane Dias.

Ethics declarations

Funding

This study was funded by CNPq (ProAntar n° 407588/2013–2).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Almeida, L.S., Streit, N., Costa, D. et al. Systematic evaluation of sample preparation method for simultaneous voltammetric determination of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in macroalgae. J Appl Phycol 29, 595–605 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0935-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0935-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation