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Effect of different drying techniques on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii

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Abstract

The effect of different drying techniques on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii (‘crocodile’ morphotype) were investigated. Phytochemical (total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin and carotenoid content) and antioxidant activity of the seaweed were determined. The seaweed was dried using seven types of drying techniques; oven drying (temperature of 40 °C), oven drying (temperature of 80 °C), sun drying, hang drying, sauna drying, shade drying and freeze drying. There were significant differences in the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity between the dried seaweed samples. The total phenolic content of the dried samples were in the range of 26.11 to 53.33 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g, total flavonoid content from 9.83 to 25.67 mg catechin equivalent (CE) per 100 g, total anthocyanin content from 0.05 to 0.11 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent (C-3-GE) per gramme and total carotenoid content from 0.03 to 0.24 mg β-carotene equivalent (BCE) per gram, respectively. The oven-dried (40 and 80 °C) and shade-dried samples contained the highest values of phytochemical content as compared to other dried samples tested. Antioxidant activity were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The oven-dried (40 and 80 °C) and shade-dried samples also displayed stronger scavenging activity and reducing ability as compared to other dried samples tested. The lower values of phytochemical content and weak antioxidant activity were detected in sun-dried and sauna-dried samples. This finding suggested that different drying techniques greatly influence the occurrence of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in seaweeds.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation and Seaweed Research Unit, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, for the use of the laboratory facilities and technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

    Angelina Lee Mei Ling & Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar

  2. Seaweed Research Unit, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

    Suhaimi Yasir, Patricia Matanjun & Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar

  3. Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

    Patricia Matanjun

  4. Food Technology Panel, Department of Technology & Heritage, Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

    Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar

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  1. Angelina Lee Mei Ling
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  2. Suhaimi Yasir
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  3. Patricia Matanjun
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Correspondence to Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar.

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Ling, A.L.M., Yasir, S., Matanjun, P. et al. Effect of different drying techniques on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii . J Appl Phycol 27, 1717–1723 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0467-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0467-3

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