Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrochemical properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline cobalt and cobalt–iron alloys in acidic and alkaline solutions

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nanocrystalline Co and CoFe with varied iron contents ranging from 5 to 25 wt% Fe were electrodeposited from a sulfate bath. The average grain sizes of the coatings obtained were measured using Scherrer equation and calculated to be in between 16 and 65 nm. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of electrodeposited nanocrystalline cobalt (Co) and cobalt–iron (CoFe) alloys was investigated in both acidic (0.1 M H2SO4) and alkaline solution (0.1 M NaOH). This study investigates the corrosion behavior of electrodeposited CoFe alloy coatings using polarization tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The nanocrystalline Co and CoFe showed active behavior for all alloy coatings in acidic condition, while an active–passive–transpassive behavior was seen for all coatings in alkaline condition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gómez E, Pané S, Vallés E (2005) Electrodeposition of Co–Ni and Co–Ni–Cu systems in sulphate–citrate medium. Electrochim Acta 51:146–153. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.04.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Rashwan SM (2005) Study on the behavior of Zn–Co–Cu alloy electroplating. Mater Chem Phys 89:192–204. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2003.10.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bajat JB, Petrovic AB, Makimovc MD (2005) Electrochemical deposition and characterization of zinc–nickel alloys deposited by direct and reverse current. J Serb Chem Soc 70:1427–1439. doi:10.2298/JSC0512427B

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Müller C, Sarret M, Benballa M (2001) Some peculiarities in the codeposition of zinc–nickel alloys. Electrochim Acta 46:2811–2817. doi:10.1016/S0013-4686(01)00493-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Anicai LM, Siteavu, Grunwald E (1992) Corrosion behavior of zinc and zinc alloy depositions. Corros Prev Control 39:89–93. doi:10.1007/BF01024854

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Alfantazi A, Erb U (1996) Corrosion properties of pulse-plated zinc–nickel alloy coatings. Corrosion 52:880–888. doi:10.5006/1.3292081

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jung H, Alfantazi A (2010) Corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline Co and Co-P alloys in a NaOH solution. Corrosion 66:5002. doi:10.5006/1.3360907

    Google Scholar 

  8. Jung H, Alfantazi A (2007) Phosphorous alloying and annealing effects on the corrosion properties of nanocrystalline Co-P alloys in acidic solution. Corrosion 63:159–170. doi:10.5006/1.3278340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Andricacos PC, Robertson N (1998) IBM J Res Dev 42:671–680. doi:10.1147/rd.425.0671

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kohn A, Eizenberg M, Shacham-Diamand Y, Sverdlov Y (2001) Mater Sci Eng A 302:18. doi:10.1063/1.1602572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Judy JW, Muller RS, Zappe HH (1995) Magnetic microactuation of polysilicon flexure structures. J Microelectromech Syst 4:162–169. doi:10.1109/84.475542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Koza JA, Karnbach F, Uhlemann M, McCord J, Mickel C, Gebert A, Baunack S, Schultz L (2010) Electrocrystallisation of CoFe alloys under the influence of external homogeneous magnetic fields—Properties of deposited thin films. Electrochim Acta 55:819–831. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.08.069

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Khan H, Petrikowski K (2002) Magnetic and structural properties of the electrochemically deposited arrays of Co and CoFe nanowires. J Magn Mater 249:458–461. doi:10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00453-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Brankovic SR, Bae S, Litvinov D (2008) The effect of Fe3+ on magnetic moment of electrodeposited CoFe alloys—experimental study and analytical model. Electrochim Acta 53:5934–5940. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.03.071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Osaka T, Takai M, Sogawa Y, Momma T, Ohashi K, Saito M, Yamada K (1999) Influence of crystalline structure and sulfur inclusion on corrosion properties of electrodeposited CoNiFe soft magnetic films. J Electrochem Soc 146:2092–2096. doi:10.1149/1.1391896

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ricq L, Lallemand F, Gigandet MP, Pagetti J (2001) Influence of sodium saccharin on the electrodeposition and characterization of CoFe magnetic film. Surf Coat Technol 138:278–283. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(00)01170-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tabakovic I, Riemer S, Tabakovic K, Sun M, Kief M (2006) Mechanism of saccharin transformation to metal sulfides and effect of inclusions on corrosion susceptibility of electroplated CoFe magnetic films. J Electrochem Soc 153:C586–C593. doi:10.1149/1.2207821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. George J, Rantschler J, Bae SE, Litvinov D, Brankovic SR (2008) Sulfur and saccharin incorporation into electrodeposited CoFe alloys: consequences for magnetic and corrosion properties. J Electrochem Soc 155:D589–D594. doi:10.1149/1.2948377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Nik Rozlin NM, Alfantazi AM (2012) Nanocrystalline cobalt–iron alloy: synthesis and characterization. Mater Sci Eng A 550:388–394. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2012.04.092

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Jung H, Alfantazi A (2006) An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization study of nanocrystalline Co and Co–P alloy in 0.1 MH2 SO4 solution. Electrochim Acta 51:1806–1814. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.06.037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Jung H, Alfantazi A (2010) Corrosion properties of electrodeposited cobalt in sulfate solutions containing chloride ions. Electrochim Acta 55:865–869. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.09.051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Heusler KE (1958) Z Elektrochem 62:582

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lallemand F, Ricq L, Berçot P, Pagetti J (2002) Effects of the structure of organic additives in the electrochemical preparation and characterization of CoFe film. Electrochim Acta 47:4149–4156. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.038

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Oudar J, Marcus P (1979) Role of adsorbed sulphur in the dissolution and passivation of nickel and nickel-sulphur alloys. Appl Surf Sci 3:48–67. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5963(79)90060-6

  25. Keddam M, Mottos OR, Takenouti H (1981) Reaction model for iron dissolution studied by electrode impedance I. Experimental results and reaction model. J Electrochem Soc 128:257–266. doi:10.1149/1.2127402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Parthasarathi B, Seenivasan H, Rajam KS, Grips VKW (2012) Characterization of amorphous Co–P alloy coatings electrodeposited with pulse current using gluconate bath. Appl Surf Sci 258:9544–9553. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.05.115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Tan BJ, Klabunde KJ, Sherwood PMA (1991) XPS studies of solvated metal atom dispersed (SMAD) catalysts. Evidence for layered cobalt-manganese particles on alumina and silica. J Am Chem Soc 113:855–861. doi:10.1021/ja00003a019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tsutsumi Y, Nishimura D, Doi H, Nomura N, Hanawa T (2010) Cathodic alkaline treatment of zirconium to give the ability to form calcium phosphate. Acta Biomater 6:4161–4166. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.05.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. McIntyre NS, Zetaruk DG (1977) Anal Chem 49:1521–1529. doi:10.1021/ac50019a016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Rofagha R, Erb U, Ostrander D, Palumbo G, Aust K (1993) The effects of grain size and phosphorus on the corrosion of nanocrystalline Ni–P alloys. Nanostruct Mater 2:1–10. doi:10.1016/0965-9773(93)90044-C

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wang L, Lin Y, Zeng Z, Liu W, Xue Q, Hu L, Zhang J (2007) Electrochemical corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline Co coatings explained by higher grain boundary density. Electrochim Acta 52:4342–4350. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2006.12.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ives DJG, Rawson AE (1962) Copper corrosion III. Electrochemical theory of general corrosion. J Chem Soc 109:447–466. doi:10.1149/1.2425447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Youssef KMS, Koch C, Fedkiw P (2004) Influence of additives and pulse electrodeposition parameters on production of nanocrystalline zinc from zinc chloride electrolytes. J Electrochem Soc 151:C103–C111. doi:10.1149/1.1636739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Shriram S, Mohan S, Renganathan N, Venkatachalam R (2000) Electrodeposition of nanocrystalline nickel: a brief review. Trans Inst Met Finish 78:194–197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Inturi R, Szklarska-Smialowska Z (1992) Localized corrosion of nanocrystalline 304 type stainless steel films. Corrosion 48:398–403. doi:0010-9312/92/000091

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Luo W, Xu Y, Wang Q, Shi P, Yan M (2010) Effect of grain size on corrosion of nanocrystalline copper in NaOH solution. Corros Sci 52:3509–3513. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2010.06.029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Balyanov A, Kutnyakova J, Amirkhanova N, Stolyarov V, Valiev R, Liao X, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Xu H, Lowe T (2004) Corrosion resistance of ultra fine-grained Ti. Scr Mater 51:225–229. doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.04.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors are grateful to the Natural Sciences Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). A scholarship granted by Ministry of High Education, Malaysia, and Universiti Teknologi Mara are also gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 6350 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada

    N. M. Nik Rozlin & Akram M. Alfantazi

Authors
  1. N. M. Nik Rozlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Akram M. Alfantazi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. M. Nik Rozlin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nik Rozlin, N.M., Alfantazi, A.M. Electrochemical properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline cobalt and cobalt–iron alloys in acidic and alkaline solutions. J Appl Electrochem 43, 721–734 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-013-0562-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-013-0562-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation