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A Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Methodological Approaches to Characterizing the Dorsal Side of the Scapula in Hominoidea and Its Relationship to Locomotion

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Abstract

Hominoidea have adapted to various forms of locomotion, each of which has specific requirements that are reflected in the shape of the scapula. We compared several qualitative and quantitative methods for characterizing the dorsal side of the scapula to detect morphological differences that reflect the adaptations of the scapula to locomotor behaviors. Our sample included 55 specimens of Hominoidea, representing five genera, including Homo, focusing specifically on the relative sizes of the scapular supraspinous and infranspinous fossae. In addition, we weighed the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles of 23 of the specimens to examine the feasibility of extrapolating muscle characteristics from osteological data. Our findings confirmed that the five genera exhibit significant differences in the relative size of the supraspinous and the infraspinous fossae that are related to their forms of locomotion. The supraspinous fossa was relatively small in Homo and Pongo but large in Pan, Gorilla, and Hylobates. The analysis of muscle weights showed that a substantial amount of information about soft tissues is lost in osteological analyses, leading us to recommend caution when drawing conclusions regarding forms of locomotion based only on osteological analyses.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Eulalia Garcia (Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona) and Georges Lenglet (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences) for providing access to specimens under their care, as well as Beatriz Pinilla (University of Barcelona) for her methodological advice. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) projects CGL2010–15340 and CGL2011-22999 to A. Pérez-Pérez, the Generalitat de Catalunya Funding for Consolidate Research Groups (DURSI 2009SGR-00884), and the Predoctoral Fellowship Grant Program of the Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) FPU (AP2008-00877) to G. Bello-Hellegouarch.

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  1. Anthropology Unit, Animal Biology Department, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Gaëlle Bello-Hellegouarch, Júlia Arias-Martorell & Alejandro Pérez-Pérez

  2. Unit of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain

    Josep Maria Potau

  3. Anatomical Museum, Department of Anatomy and Radiology, University of Valladolid, 47005, Valladolid, Spain

    Juan Francisco Pastor

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  1. Gaëlle Bello-Hellegouarch
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Correspondence to Alejandro Pérez-Pérez.

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Bello-Hellegouarch, G., Potau, J.M., Arias-Martorell, J. et al. A Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Methodological Approaches to Characterizing the Dorsal Side of the Scapula in Hominoidea and Its Relationship to Locomotion. Int J Primatol 34, 315–336 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-013-9660-5

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