ABSTRACT
Every day, climate change due to greenhouse emissions, pollution and other environmental degradation appears to make the news. Rather than doing something about the environment, namely in the developing countries where populations frequently are less educated about the long-term impact of human actions, they tend to disregard these problems. There is therefore a need particularly in developing countries to increase the potential for understanding and acting in sustainable, environmentally friendly ways. In this paper, we report quantitative and qualitative results of shifts in environmental value orientations among 110 Malaysian pre-service chemistry teachers during their enrolment in a green chemistry course. We find that the pre-service teachers’ environmental value orientations become more ecocentric and less homocentric and egocentric. Ecocentrism and ecocentric values support the development of behaviours that will assist them and the students they teach in leading environmentally sustainable lifestyles. We conclude that our green chemistry course constitutes (a) a suitable context for supporting pre-service teachers in their development of ecocentric values and (b) an effort to educate the pre-service teachers in leading sustainable lifestyles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aini, M. S., Fakhru’l-Razi, A., Lau, S. M. & Hashim, A. H. (2002). Practices, attitudes and motives for domestic waste recycling. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 9(3), 232–238.
Aini, M. S., Nurizan, Y. & Fakhru’l-Razi, A. (2007). Environmental comprehension and participation of Malaysian secondary school student. Environmental Educational Research, 13(1), 17–31.
Anastas, P. T. & Warner, J. C. (1998). Green chemistry: Theory and practice. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Axelrod, J. L. (1994). Balancing personal needs with environmental preservation: Identifying the values that guide decisions in ecological dilemmas. Journal of Social Issues, 50, 85–104.
Bakhtine, M. [Volochinov, V. N.] (1977). Le marxisme et la philosophie du language: essai d’application de la méthode sociologique en linguistique [Marxism and the philosophy of language: Essay on the application of the sociological method in linguistics]. Paris, France: Les Éditions de Minuit.
Braun, B., Charney, R., Clarens, A., Farrugia, J., Kitchens, C., Lisowski, C., Naistat, D., et al (2006). Completing our education. Journal of Chemical Education, 83, 1126–1129.
Butler, R. A. (2009). Destruction of old-growth forest looms over climate talks. Accessed January 5, 2010 at www.news.mongabay.com/2009/1208-deforestation.html.
Cann, M. C. & Connelly, M. E. (2000). Real-world cases in green chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Delay, R. H. (2001). Nothing here to care about: Participant constructions of nature following a 12-day wilderness program. The Journal of Environmental Education, 32(4), 43–48.
Dietz, T., Fitzgerald, A. & Shwom, R. (2005). Environmental values. Annual Review of Environmental Resources, 30, 335–372.
Doxsee, K. M. & Hutchison, J. E. (2004). Green organic chemistry: Strategies, tools and laboratory experiments (1st ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Dunlap, R. E., Grieneeks, J. K. & Rokeach, M. (1983). Human values and pro-environmental behaviour. In W. D. Conn (Ed.), Energy and material resources: Attitudes, values and public policy (pp. 145–168). Boulder, CO: Westview.
Dunlop, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G. & Jones, R. E. (2000). Measuring endorsement of the new environmental paradigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 425–442.
EPA (1990). Green chemistry. Accessed December 30, 2008 at www.epa.gov/greenchemistry.
Esa, N. (2010). Environmental knowledge, attitude and practices of student teachers. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 19(1), 39–50.
Gardner, G. T. & Stern, P. C. (2002). Environmental problems and human behavior (2nd ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Gay, L. R. & Airasian, P. (2000). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and application. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
GEMs Database (2005). Green chemistry experiments. Accessed January 15, 2008 at http://greenchem.uoregon.edu/gems.html.
Gibbs, (2002). A green chemistry alternative for high school inorganic chemistry. Accessed March 15, 2008 at http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/.
Groot, M. I. J. & Steg, L. (2008). Value orientation to explain belief related to environmental significant behavior: How to measure egoistic, altruistic and biospheric value orientation. Environment and Behavior, 40, 330–355.
Haack, J., Hutchison, J. E., Kirchhoff, M. M. & Levy, I. J. (2005). Going green: Lecture assignments and lab experiences for the college curriculum. Journal of Chemical Education, 82, 974–978.
Hardoy, J. E. & Satterthwaite, D. (2006). Environmental problems of third world cities: A global issue ignored. Public Administration and Development, 11, 341–361.
Hargrove, E. (1998). Book review: Environmental values in American culture. Ecological Economics, 27, 109–110.
Hart, R. (1997). Children’s participation: The theory and practice of involving young citizens in community development and environmental care. London: Earthscan.
Heaton, A., Hudgson, S., Overton, T. & Powell, R. (2006). The challenge to develop CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) replacements: A problem based learning case study in green chemistry. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 7, 280–287.
Hopkins, G. W. (2003). Analysis of repeated measure. A tutorial lecture presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine. Accessed November 30, 2009 at http://sportsci.org/resource/stats/Analysis_of_repeated_measures.ppt.
Hunter, M. L. (1996). Fundamentals of conservation biology. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
Jones, R. E. (1990). Understanding paper recycling in an institutionally supportive setting: An application of the theory of reasoned action. Journal of Environmental Systems, 19, 307–321.
Jordan, B. (1989). Cosmopolitical obstetrics: Some insights from the training of traditional midwives. Social Science in Medicine, 28, 925–944.
Katzev, R. D. & Johnson, T. R. (1987). Promoting energy conservation: An analysis of behavioral techniques. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Kelley, L. (1997). Environmental education and sustainable development: Trends in member countries. In Sustainable development: OECD policy approaches for the 21st century (pp. 175–181). Paris, France: OECD.
Kemmelmeier, M., Krol, G. & Kim, Y. H. (2002). Values, economics and proenvironmental attitudes in 22 societies. Cross Cultural Research, 36, 256–285.
Kempton, W., Boster, J. S. & Hartley, J. A. (1995). Environmental values in American culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kirk, R. E. (1982). Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Kollmuss, A. & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap; why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8, 239–260.
Mageswary, K., Zurida, I., & Norita, M. (2007. Enhancing environmental value change through green chemistry experiments. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Development of Values in Mathematics and Science Education. University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
McKeown, R. & Hopkin, C. (2002). Weaving sustainability into pre-service teacher education. In W. Leal Fihlo (Ed.), Teaching sustainability at universities: Toward greening the curriculum. Frankfurt, Germany: Lange Scientific.
McMillan, E. E., Wright, T. & Beazley, K. (2004). Impact of a university-level environmental studies class on students’ values. Journal of Environmental Education, 35, 19–28.
MEA (2005). Millennium ecosystem assessment synthesis report. Accessed September 21, 2009 at www.millenniumassessment.org.
Merchant, C. (1992). Radical ecology: The search for a livable world. New York: Routledge.
Meyer, A. (2005). Small scale bio diesel production: A laboratory experience for general chemistry and environmental science students. Chemical Educator, 10, 1–3.
Ministry of Education (2004). Development of education. National report of Malaysia. Accessed November 30, 2009 at http://www.moe.gov.my.
Nickerson, R. S. (2003). Psychology and environmental change. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Norhasmah, S., Aini, M. S., Laily, P., Sharifah Azizah, H., Nurizan, Y. & Naimah, S. (2004). Environmental attitude and practices. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 7, 54–65.
Oskamp, S. (2000). Psychological contributions to achieving an ecological sustainable future for humanity. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 373–390.
Othman, M. N., Ong, F. S. & Lim, M. H. (2004). Environmental attitudes and knowledge of teenage consumers. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 7, 66–78.
Palmer, J. A. (1993). Development of concern for the environment and formative experiences of educators. Journal of Environmental Education, 24, 26–30.
Parrish, A. (2007). Toward the greening of our mind: A new special topics course. Journal of Chemical Education, 84, 245–247.
Posch, P. (1993). Research issues in environmental education. Studies in Science Education, 21, 21–48.
Powers, L. A. (2004). Teacher preparations for environmental education: Faculty perceptions on inclusion of environmental education in preservice methods course. The Journal of Environmental Education, 35(3), 3–11.
Raston, L. C. & Scott, L. J. (2001). Teaching green chemistry. Third-year-level module and beyond. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 73(8), 1257–1260.
Rescher, N. (1982). Introduction to value theory. Pittsburgh, PA: Nicolas Rescher.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: Free Press.
Sagoff, M. (1998). Book review: Environmental values in American culture. Journal of Value Inquiry, 32, 119–122.
Schultz, P. W. (2000). Empathizing with nature: The effects of perspective taking on concern for environmental issues. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 391–406.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 1–65). New York: Academic Press.
Sobel, D. (1996). Ecophobia. Great Barrington, MA: The Orian Society.
Steel, B. S. (1996). Thinking globally, acting locally? Environmental attitudes, behavior and activism. Journal of Environmental Management, 47, 27–36.
Stern, P. C. (2000a). Psychology and the science of human–environment interactions. American Psychologist, 55(5), 523–530.
Stern, P. C. (2000b). Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424.
Stern, P., Dietz, T. & Guagnano, G. (1995). The new ecological paradigm in social–psychological context. Environment and Behavior, 27, 723–743.
Stern, P. C., Dietz, T. & Kalof, L. (1993). Value orientations, gender and environmental concern. Environment and Behavior, 25, 322–348.
UNESCO (2006). Report on a decade of education for sustainable development. Accessed March 13, 2009 at www.unesco.org/educationon/desd.
Vaske, J. J. & Kobrin, K. C. (2001). Place attachment and environmentally responsible behavior. The Journal of Environmental Education, 32(4), 16–21.
Veugelers, W. (2000). Different ways of teaching values. Educational Review, 52, 37–46.
Vlek, C. & Steg, L. (2007). Human behaviour and environmental sustainability: Problems, driving forces and research topics. Journal of Social Issues, 63, 1–19.
Warren, D. (2002). Green chemistry: A teaching resource. UK: Royal Society of Chemistry.
Wright, W. (2002). The vitamin C clock reaction. Journal of Chemical Education, 79, 41–43.
Zelezny, L. C. & Schultz, W. P. (2000). Promoting environmentalism. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 365–371.
Zeyer, A. & Roth, W.-M. (2009). A mirror of society: A discourse analytic study of 15- to 16-year-old Swiss students’ talk about environment and environmental protection. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 4, 961–998.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karpudewan, M., Ismail, Z. & Roth, WM. THE EFFICACY OF A GREEN CHEMISTRY LABORATORY-BASED PEDAGOGY: CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES OF MALAYSIA PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS. Int J of Sci and Math Educ 10, 497–529 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-011-9295-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-011-9295-y