Skip to main content
Log in

The Shifting Tides of Empires: Using GIS to Contextualize Population Change Within the Landscape of Seventeenth to Nineteenth-Century Mani, Greece

  • Published:
International Journal of Historical Archaeology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigates the changing social landscape of the Mani Peninsula, Greece, from 1618 to 1829. Five primary sources of population data are combined in a GIS database, and spatial analyses are used to track patterns in population and settlement distribution. The results show that the preparations for war in Mani led to population loss, settlement fracturing, and a heightened potential for physical and visual connection. The processes of imperial conquest and resistance left a different imprint upon the Maniate landscape than in other parts of the Ottoman Empire, where settlements were occasionally relocated into more mountainous terrain for increased protection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adamakopoulos, T. (ed.) (2009). Peloponnese Road and Touring Atlas, 1:50,000, Anavasi Digital, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ágoston, G. (2011). The Ottomans: from frontier principality to empire. In Olsen, J. A., and Gray, C. S. (eds.), The Practice of Strategy from Alexander the Great to the Present, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 105–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, K. (1953). Castles of the Morea, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antoniadis-Bibicou, H. (1965). Villages désertés en Grèce: un bilan provisoire, in Villages désertés et histoire économique, XIe-XVIIIe siècle, SEVPEN, Paris, pp. 343–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arkush, E. (2010). Hillforts and the History Channel: a view from the late pre-Hispanic Andes. SAA Archaeological Record 10(4): 33–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asdrachas, S. (1978). Μηχανισμοί της αγροτικής οικονομίας στην Τουρκοκρατία (ΙΕ’-ΙΣΤ’ αι.) (Mechanisms of the rural economy in the Ottoman period (15th-16th c.)), Themelio, Athens.

  • Athanassopoulos, E. (2010). Landscape archaeology and the medieval countryside: settlement and abandonment in the Nemea region. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14: 255–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkey, K. (1996). In different times: scheduling and social control in the Ottoman Empire, 1550 to 1650. Comparative Studies in Society and History 38: 460–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri (2007). Number 367, Accounting Book of the Eastern Provinces with the Province of Rûm, and Numbers 114, 390 and 101, Icmal Defters, vol. 1: Karlı-ili, Agrıboz, Mora, Rodos and Tırhala Livâları, issue no. 89, Office of the Prime Minister Ottoman Archives, Ankara.

  • Beldiceanu, N., and Beldiceanu-Steinherr, I. (1980). Recherches sur la Morée (1461–1512). Südost-Forschungen 39: 17–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennet, J., Davis, J. L., and Zarinebaf-Shahr, F. (2000). Pylos regional archaeological project part III: Sir William Gell’s itinerary in the Pylia and regional landscapes in the Morea in the second Ottoman period. Hesperia 69: 343–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bevan, A., Frederick, C., and Krahtopoulou, A. (2003). A digital Mediterranean countryside: GIS approaches to the spatial structure of the post-Medieval landscape on Kythera (Greece). Archeologia e Calcolatori 14: 217–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bintliff, J., and Sbonias, K. (eds.) (1999). Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 B.C. - A.D. 1800), Oxbow, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumi, I. (2003). Contesting the edges of the Ottoman Empire: rethinking ethnic and sectarian boundaries in the Malësore, 1878–1912. International Journal of Middle East Studies 35: 237–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borgstede, G., and Mathieu, J. R. (2007). Defensibility and settlement patterns in the Guatemalan Maya highlands. Latin American Antiquity 18: 191–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. M. (1834). Expédition Scientifique de Morée: Section des Science Physiques, vol. 2, part 1: géographie, F. G. Levrault, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braudel, F. (1972). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, 2 vols, Reynolds, S. (trans.), Collins, London.

  • Buchon, J. A. (1843). Nouvelles Recherches Historiques sur la Principauté Française de Morée et ses Hautes Baronies, vol. 1, Imprimeurs Unis, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burridge, P. (1996). The castle of Vardounia and defence in the southern Mani. In Lock, P., and Sanders, G. D. R. (eds.), The Archaeology of Medieval Greece, Oxbow Books, Oxford, pp. 19–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caraher, W. R., Hall, L. J., and Moore, R. S. (eds.) (2008). Archaeology and History in Roman, Medieval and Post-Medieval Greece: Studies on Method and Meaning in Honor of Timothy E. Gregory, Ashgate, Aldershot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caraher, W. R., Pettegrew, D. K., and James, S. (2010). Towers and fortifications at Vayia in the southeast Corinthia. Hesperia 79: 385–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carothers, J., and McDonald, W. A. (1979). Size and distribution of the population in late Bronze Age Messenia: some statistical approaches. Journal of Field Archaeology 6: 433–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catling, R. W. V. (2002). The survey area from the early Iron Age to the Classical period (c. 1050 - c. 300 BC). In Cavanagh, W., Crouwel, J., Catling, R. W. V., and Shipley, G. (eds.), The Laconia Survey: Continuity and Change in a Greek Rural Landscape, vol. 1: Methodology and Interpretation, British School at Athens, London, pp. 151–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavanagh, W., Crouwel, J., Catling, R. W. V., and Shipley, G. (eds.) (2002). The Laconia Survey: Continuity and Change in a Greek Rural Landscape, vol. 1: Methodology and Interpretation, British School at Athens, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conolly, J., and Lake, M. (2006). Geographical Information Systems in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Coronelli, V. (1687). An Historical and Geographical Account of the Morea, Negropont, and the Maritime Places, as far as Thessalonica, Gent, R. W. (trans.), London.

  • Crow, J., Turner, S., and Vionis, A. K. (2011). Characterizing the historic landscape of Naxos. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 24: 111–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dann, M. A., and Yerkes, R. W. (1994). Use of geographic information systems for the spatial analysis of Frankish settlements in the Korinthia, Greece. In Kardulias, P. N. (ed.), Beyond the Site: Regional Studies in the Aegean Area, University Press of America, Lanham, pp. 289–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, S. (2004). Pylos regional archaeological project part VI: administration and settlement in Venetian Navarino. Hesperia 73: 59–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. L. (1991). Contributions to a Mediterranean rural archaeology: historical case studies from the Ottoman Cyclades. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 4: 131–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. L., Bennet, J., and Zarinebaf, F. (2005). An analysis of the Ottoman cadastral survey of Anavarin, 1716. In Zarinebaf, F., Bennet, J., and Davis, J. L. (eds.), A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens, pp. 151–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Smith, M. J., Goodchild, M. F., and Longley, P. A. (2007). Geospatial Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide to Principles, Techniques and Software Tools, 2nd ed, Matador, Leicester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drandakes, N. B. (1986). Από την Παλαιοχριστιανική και Βυζαντινή Μάνη (On the Paleochristian and Byzantine Mani). Ιστορικογεωγραφικά 1: 15–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drandakes, N. B. (1995). Βυζαντινές Τοιχογραφίες της Μέσα Μάνης (Byzantine Frescoes of Inner Mani), Βιβλιοθήκη της εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας ΑΡ. 141, Athens Archaeological Society, Athens.

  • Erder, L. (1975). The measurement of preindustrial population changes: the Ottoman Empire from the 15th to the 17th century. Middle Eastern Studies 11: 284–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fermor, P. L. (2006 [1958]). Mani: Travels in the Southern Peloponnese, New York Review of Books, New York.

  • Forbes, H. (2000a). Security and settlement in the Mediaeval and post-Mediaeval Peloponnese, Greece: “hard” history versus oral history. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 13: 204–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, H. A. (2000b). The agrarian economy of the Ermionidha around 1700: an ethnohistorical reconstruction. In Sutton, S. B. (ed.), Contingent Countryside: Settlement, Economy, and Land Use in the Southern Argolid Since 1700, Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp. 41–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, H. (2007). Early Modern Greece: liquid landscapes and fluid populations. In Davies, S., and Davis, J. L. (eds.), Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, pp. 111–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsén, B. (2003). The road network of the valley. In Forsén, J., and Forsén, B. (eds.), The Asea Valley Survey: An Arcadian Mountain Valley from the Paleolithic Period until Modern Times, Skrifter Utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Athen, 4° LI, Svenska Institutet i Athen, Stockholm, pp. 63–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsén, J., and Forsén, B. (eds.) (2003). The Asea Valley Survey: An Arcadian Mountain Valley from the Paleolithic Period until Modern Times. Skrifter Utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Athen, 4°, LI, Svenska Institutet i Athen, Stockholm.

  • Frangakis-Syrett, E., and Wagstaff, J. M. (1992). The height zonation of population in the Morea c.1830. The Annual of the British School at Athens 87: 439–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galaty, M. L., Lafe, O., Lee, W. E., and Tafilica, Z. (eds.) (2013). Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania, Monumenta Archaeologica 28, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gell, W. (2011 [1823]). Narrative of a Journey in the Morea, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

  • Given, M. (2007). Mountain landscapes on Early Modern Cyprus. In Davies, S., and Davis, J. L. (eds.), Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, pp. 137–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove, A. T., and Rackham, O. (2001). The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological History, Yale University Press, New Haven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, J. W. (1992). Excavations at Saraçhane in Istanbul, vol. 2: The Pottery, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jameson, M., Runnels, C., and van Andel, T. (1994). A Greek Countryside: The Southern Argolid from Prehistory to the Present Day, Stanford University Press, Stanford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalamara, P., and Roumeliotis, N. (eds.) (2004). Settlements of Mani, Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Network of Mani Museums, Kapon Editions, Athens.

  • Kapetanakis, S. G. (2011). Η Μάνη στη Δεύτερη Τουρκοκρατία (1715–1821) (Mani in the Second Ottoman Period (1715–1821)), Adouloti Mani, Areopoli.

  • Karizoni, K., Gourgourinis, L., and Giannopoulos, H. (2010). Piracy in the Mediterranean: The Maniot Pirates, Adouloti Mani, Areopoli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiel, M. (1999). The Ottoman imperial registers: central Greece and northern Bulgaria in the 15th-19th century; the demographic development of two areas compared, in Bintliff, J. and Sbonias, K. (eds.), Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 B.C. - A.D. 1800), Oxbow, Oxford, pp. 195–218.

  • Komis, K. (2005). Πληθυσμός και Οικισμοί της Μάνης: 15ος-19ος αιώνας (Population and Settlements of the Mani: 15th-19th Centuries), 2nd ed, University of Ioannina, Ioannina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kourelis, K. (2002). Medieval settlements. In Cooper, F. A. (ed.), Houses of the Morea: Vernacular Architecture in the Northwest Peloponnese (1205–1955), Melissa, Athens, pp. 52–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kourelis, K. (2003). Monuments of Rural Archaeology: Medieval Settlements in the Northwestern Peloponnese. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

  • Kourelis, K. (2005). The rural house in the Medieval Peloponnese: an archaeological reassessment of Byzantine domestic architecture, in Emerick, J. J. and Deliyannis, D. M. (eds.), Archaeology in Architecture: Studies in Honor of Cecil L. Striker, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, pp. 119–128.

  • Kriesis, A. (1963). On the castles of Zarnáta and Kelefá. Byzantinische Zeitschrift 56: 308–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laiou, A. E. (1973). The Byzantine aristocracy in the Palaeologan period: a story of arrested development. Viator 4: 131–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laiou, A. E. (1977). Peasant Society in the Late Byzantine Empire: A Social and Demographic Study, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laiou, S. (2007). Some considerations regarding çiftlik formation in the western Thessaly, sixteenth-nineteenth centuries. In Kolovos, E., Kotzageorgis, P., Laiou, S., and Sariyannis, M. (eds.), The Ottoman Empire, the Balkans, the Greek Lands: Toward a Social and Economic History. Studies in Honor of John C. Alexander, Isis Press, Istanbul, pp. 255–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leake, W. M. (1830). Travels in the Morea: With a Map and Plans, vol. I, John Murray, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Bas, M. P. (1888). Voyage Archéologique en Grèce et en Asie Mineure (Archaeological Voyage to Greece and Asia Minor), Reinach, S. (ed.), Firmin-Didot, Paris.

  • Lee, W. E., Lubin, M., and Ndreca, E. (2013). Chapter four: archival historical research. In Galaty, M. L., Lafe, O., Lee, W. E., and Tafilica, Z. (eds.), Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania, Monumenta Archaeologica 28, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles, pp. 45–84

  • Lightfoot, K. G., and Martinez, A. (1995). Frontiers and boundaries in archaeological perspective. Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 471–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llobera, M. (2003). Extending GIS-based visual analysis: the concept of visualscapes. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 17: 25–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llobera, M., Fábrega-Álvarez, P., and Parcero-Oubiña, C. (2011). Order in movement: A GIS approach to accessibility. Journal of Archaeological Science 38: 843–851.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lock, P., and Sanders, G. D. R. (eds.) (1996). The Archaeology of Medieval Greece, Oxbow, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, H. (1992). The Ottoman tahrîr defterleri as a source for social and economic history: pitfalls and limitations. In Lowry, H. (ed.), Studies in Defterology, Ottoman Society in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, Analecta Isisiana IV, The Isis Press, Istanbul, pp. 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luterbacher, J., Rickli, R., Xoplaki, E., Tinguely, C., Beck, C., Pfister, C., and Wanner, H. (2001). The Late Maunder Minimum (1675–1715): a key period for studying decadal scale climatic change in Europe. Climatic Change 49: 441–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malliaris, A. (2007). Population exchange and integration of immigrant communities in the Venetian Morea, 1687–1715. In Davies, S., and Davis, J. L. (eds.), Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, pp. 97–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martindale, A., and Supernant, K. (2009). Quantifying the defensiveness of defended sites on the northwest coast of North America. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 28: 191–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGowan, B. (1981). Economic Life in Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade, and the Struggle for Land, 1600–1800, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • NASA (2011). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model Version 2, USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Necipoğlu, N. (2009). Byzantium Between the Ottomans and the Latins: Politics and Society in the Late Empire, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Panagiotopoulos, V. (1985). Πληθυσμός και Οικισμοί της Πελοποννήσου: 13ος-18ος Αιώνας (Population and Settlements of the Peloponnese: 13th-18th Centuries), National Bank of Greece, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papathanasiou, A. (2005). Health status of the Neolithic population of Alepotrypa Cave, Greece. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 126: 377–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papathanasiou, A., Larsen, C. S., and Norr, L. (2000). Bioarchaeological inferences from a Neolithic ossuary from Alepotrypa Cave, Diros, Greece. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 10: 210–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papathanassopoulos, G. A. (1996). Neolithic Diros: the Alepotrypa Cave. In Papathanassopoulos, G. A. (ed.), Neolithic Culture In Greece, Nicholas P. Goulandris Foundation, Athens, pp. 80–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pikoulas, G. A. (2008/2009). Βυζαντινά λιθόστρωτα (Byzantine cobbled roads), in Eleftheriou, E. P. and Mexia, A. (eds.), Επιστημονικό Συμπόσιο στη Μνήμη Νικολάου Β. Δρανδάκη για τη Βυζαντινή Μάνη: Πρακτικα, Καραβοστάσι Οιτύλου 21–22 Ιουνίου 2008 (Symposium in Memory of Nikolaos B. Drandakes for the Byzantine Mani: Proceedings, Karavostasi in Oitylo, 21–22 June 2008), Minstry of Culture - 5th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities, Deme of Oitylo, Sparta, pp. 79–87.

  • Pikoulas, Y. A. (2001). Λεξικό των οικισμών της Πελοποννήσου: Παλαιά και νέα τοπωνύμια (Dictionary of the Settlements of the Peloponnese: Old and New Toponyms), Horos, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renfrew, C. (1972). The Emergence of Civilisation: The Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third Millennium B.C., Methuen, London.

  • Ruggles, C. L. N., and Medyckyj-Scott, D. J. (1996). Site location, landscape visibility, and symbolic astronomy: a Scottish case study, in Maschner, H. D. G. (ed.), New Methods, Old Problems: Geographic Information Systems in Modern Archaeological Research, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 127–146.

  • Saïtas, Y. (2001). Greek Traditional Architecture: Mani, Ramp, P. (trans.), Melissa, Athens.

  • Sanders, G. D. R., and Whitbread, I. K. (1990). Central places and major roads in the Peloponnese. The Annual of the British School at Athens 85: 333–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schon, R., and Galaty, M. L. (2006). Diachronic frontiers: landscape archaeology in highland Albania. Journal of World-Systems Research 12: 231–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stedman, N. (1996). Land use and settlement in post-Medieval Central Greece: an interim discussion. In Lock, P., and Sanders, G. D. R. (eds.), The Archaeology of Medieval Greece, Oxbow, Oxford, pp. 179–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugar, P. F. (1977). Southeastern Europe Under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804, University of Washington Press, Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, S. B. (ed.) (2000). Contingent Countryside: Settlement, Economy, and Land Use in the Southern Argolid Since 1700, Stanford University Press, Stanford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Topping, P. (1972). The post-Classical documents. In McDonald, W. A., and Rapp, G. R. (eds.), The Minnesota Messenia Expedition: Reconstructing a Bronze Age Regional Environment, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 64–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Topping, P. (1976–78). The population of the Morea (1684–1715), in Πρακτικά του Α’ Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου Πελοποννησιακών Σπουδών (Σπάρτη, 7–14 Σεπτ. 1975) (Proceedings of the First International Congress of Peloponnesian Studies (Sparta, 7–14 Sept. 1975)), vol. 1, Πελοποννησιακά Παράρτημα 6, Εταιρεία Πελοποννησιακών Σπουδών (Society of Peloponnesian Studies), Athens, pp. 119–128.

  • Topping, P. W. (2000). The southern Argolid from Byzantine to Ottoman times. In Sutton, S. B. (ed.), Contingent Countryside: Settlement, Economy, and Land Use in the Southern Argolid Since 1700, Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp. 25–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Traquair, R. (1905–06). Mediaeval fortresses. The Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 259–276.

  • Vroom, J. (2003). After Antiquity: Ceramics and Society in the Aegean from the 7th to the 20th century A.C.: A Case Study from Boeotia, Central Greece, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden.

  • Wagstaff, J. M. (1965). The economy of the Mani Peninsula (Greece) in the eighteenth century. Balkan Studies 6: 293–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagstaff, J. M. (1977). Settlements in the south-central Peloponnisos, c. 1618. In Carter, F. W. (ed.), An Historical Geography of the Balkans, Academic, New York, pp. 197–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagstaff, J. M. (1978). War and settlement desertion in the Morea, 1685–1830. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 3: 295–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagstaff, J. M. (2009). Evliya Çelebi, the Mani and the fortress of Kelefa. In Peacock, A. C. S. (ed.), The Frontiers of the Ottoman World, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 113–135.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wallerstein, I. (1974). The Modern World-System, vol. 1: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheatley, D. (1995). Cumulative viewshed analysis: a GIS-based method for investigating intervisibility, and its archaeological application. In Lock, G., and Stančič, Z. (eds.), Archaeology and Geographic Information Systems: A European Perspective, Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 171–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheatley, D., and Gillings, M. (2000). Vision, perception and GIS: developing enriched approaches to the study of archaeological visibility. In Lock, G. (ed.), Beyond the Map: Archaeology and Spatial Technologies, IOS Press, Washington, DC, pp. 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winter, J. E., and Winter, F. E. (1983). The date of the temples near Kourno in Lakonia. American Journal of Archaeology 87: 3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yassoglou, N. (2004). Soil Associations Map of Greece, Greek National Committee for Combating Desertification; Greek Soil Institute, <http://www.edafologiki.gr/wp/?page_id=54>.

  • Zarinebaf, F. (2005). Soldiers into tax-farmers and reaya into sharecroppers: the Ottoman Morea in the early modern period. In Zarinebaf, F., Bennet, J., and Davis, J. L. (eds.), A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens, pp. 9–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarinebaf, F., Bennet, J., and Davis, J. L. (eds.) (2005). A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

A version of this paper was presented at the 114th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America in Seattle, WA, in January 2013. Research was funded through grants from the University of Illinois at Chicago Chancellor’s Graduate Research Fellowship, The Field Museum Anthropology Alliance Internship, and the National Science Foundation International Research Experience for Students. None of this work would have been possible without the help of Dani Riebe, Billy Ridge, Jay Greaves, Andonis Koilakos, Drs. Wayne Lee and Apostolos Sarris, and the directors of The Diros Project, Drs. Giorgos Papathanassopoulos, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Bill Parkinson, and Mike Galaty. I am also grateful to the reviewers of the International Journal of Historical Archaeology, whose comments have undoubtedly strengthened this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rebecca M. Seifried.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Seifried, R.M. The Shifting Tides of Empires: Using GIS to Contextualize Population Change Within the Landscape of Seventeenth to Nineteenth-Century Mani, Greece. Int J Histor Archaeol 19, 46–75 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-014-0281-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-014-0281-2

Keywords

Navigation