Skip to main content
Log in

Recognizing and Managing Countertransference in the College Classroom: An Exploration of Expert Teachers’ Inner Experiences

  • Published:
Innovative Higher Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Teacher countertransference refers to conscious and unconscious, negative or positive emotional reactions to certain students that arise from the teacher’s own areas of personal conflict. Our investigation of 14 expert teachers’ countertransference experiences in the college classroom, yielded several themes. Countertransference triggers included challenging behaviors (e.g., student disengagement from learning, hostility, manipulation). Countertransference reactions included frustration, the questioning of one’s own judgment, and identification with students. Participants managed countertransference by seeking social support, maintaining their professionalism, thinking before responding, practicing self-reflection, building relationships with students, and drawing upon personal characteristics (values, empathy, conceptualization skills) and teaching experience. We suggest implications for teaching and recommendations for research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barr, R. B., & Tagg, J. (1995). From teaching to learning - a new paradigm for undergraduate education. Change, 27(6), 12–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, K. A. (1989). The association between student ratings of specific instructional dimensions and student achievement: Refining and extending the synthesis of data from multisection validity studies. Research in Higher Education, 30(6), 583–637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelso, C. J., & Carter, J. A. (1985). The relationship in counseling and psychotherapy: Components, consequences, and theoretical antecedents. The Counseling Psychologist, 13(2), 155–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grauerholz, L. (2001). Teaching holistically to achieve deep learning. College Teaching, 49(2), 44–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hativa, N., Barak, R., & Simhi, E. (2001). Exemplary university teachers: Knowledge and beliefs regarding effective teaching dimensions and strategies. Journal of Higher Education, 72(6), 699–729.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, J. A. (2004). The inner world of the psychotherapist: A program of research on countertransference. Psychotherapy Research, 14(1), 21–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, C. E., Thompson, B. J., & Williams, E. (1997). A guide to conducting Consensual Qualitative Research. The Counseling Psychologist, 25(4), 517–572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofsess, C. D., & Tracey, T. J. G. (2010). Countertransference as a prototype: The development of a measure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(1), 52–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowman, J. (1994). Professors as performers and motivators. College Teaching, 42(4), 137–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, J. (1998). Better teaching through provocation. College Teaching, 46(1), 21–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, H. G. (1997). Effective teaching behaviors in the college classroom. In R. P. Perry & J. C. Smart (Eds.), Effective teaching in higher education (pp. 171–204). New York, NY: Agathon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, P. J. (1998). The courage to teach. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raider-Roth, M. B. (2005). Trusting what you know: The high stakes of classroom relationships. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, A., & Smith, K. I. (2002). Managing emotions in the college classroom: The cultural diversity course as an example. Teaching Sociology, 30(3), 291–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, D. L. (1996). Facilitating transformative learning: Attending to the dynamics of the educational helping relationship. Adult Education Quarterly, 47(1), 41–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, D. L. (1999a). Professors’ perspectives on their teaching: A new construct and developmental model. Innovative Higher Education, 23(4), 271–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, D. L. (1999b). Unconscious displacements in college teacher and student relationships: Conceptualizing, identifying and managing transference. Innovative Higher Education, 23(3), 151–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, D. L. (2000a). Enriching the scholarship of teaching: Determining appropriate cross-professional applications among teaching, counseling, and psychotherapy. Innovative Higher Education, 25(2), 111–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, D. R. L. (2000b). Professors in space and time: Four utilities of a new metaphor and developmental model for professors-as-teachers. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 11(1), 117–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, D. R. (2001). Beyond learner-centeredness: Close encounters of the systemocentric kind. Journal of Faculty Development, 18(1), 7–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodolfa, E., Hall, T., Holms, V., Davena, A., Komatz, D., Antunez, M., & Hall, A. (1994). The management of sexual feelings in therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 25(2), 168–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger, E. W., & Hayes, J. A. (2002). Origins, consequences, and management of countertransference: A case study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(2), 221–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, J. K. (Ed.). (1997). Inspiring teaching: Carnegie professors of the year speak. Bolton, MA: Anker.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, Y., & Hayes, J. A. (2011). How does disclosing countertransference affect perceptions of the therapist and the session? Psychotherapy, 48(4), 322–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, S., & Shaw, D. G. (1999). Profiles of effective college and university teachers. Journal of Higher Education, 70(6), 670–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patricia McCarthy Veach.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Slater, R., Veach, P.M. & Li, Z. Recognizing and Managing Countertransference in the College Classroom: An Exploration of Expert Teachers’ Inner Experiences. Innov High Educ 38, 3–17 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-012-9221-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-012-9221-4

Keywords

Navigation