Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of anthocyanins, has been shown to have antioxidant, antitumoral, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PCA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The effects of PCA on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and chemokines IL-8 in HGFs were detected by ELISA. The expression of NF-κB and PPAR-γ was detected by Western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that PCA suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated HGFs. We also found that PCA inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, the inhibition of PCA on LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production can be reversed by PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PCA is associated with activating PPAR-γ, thereby inhibiting LPS-induced inflammatory response.
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Wang, Y., Zhou, J., Fu, S. et al. Preventive Effects of Protocatechuic Acid on LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Human Gingival Fibroblasts via Activating PPAR-γ. Inflammation 38, 1080–1084 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-014-0073-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-014-0073-1