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Cyanobacterial community and microcystin production in a recreational reservoir with constant Microcystis blooms

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Abstract

Cyanobacterial blooms are increasing worldwide favored by eutrophic conditions of aquatic ecosystems associated with climatic perturbations. Generally, inland lentic systems are more susceptible to the development of harmful blooms. In the Salto Grande Reservoir (Brazil), Microcystis is the most common bloom-forming genus along with a wide range of co-occurring and less-known cyanobacteria taxa. The cyanobacterial community and microcystin production were studied in Salto Grande Reservoir applying biological, toxicological, and molecular approaches. Thirteen cyanobacterial strains belonging to eight genera were isolated and taxonomically investigated based on morphological traits and phylogenetic analyses of their 16S rRNA gene sequence. The morphotypes identified were, in general, in agreement with their phylogeny. The presence of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) was investigated using PCR gene amplification, which were detected in 76.9 and 84.4% of the strains, respectively. Positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) reactions for microcystins were obtained only from the strain Leptolyngbya sp. CENA129. ELISA and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of the environmental water samples showed the highest microcystin concentration during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. This study highlights that microcystin production must be suspected in benthic forms as well as in genera that are morphologically similar but belonging to other evolutionary lineages.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Grants from The São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP: 2007/07075-5) and Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq: 559720/2009-2). A. S. Lorenzi and D. B. Genuário were supported by a Post-doctoral (2008/53627-2) and (2010/00321-3 and 2014/26131-7) Fellowships funded by FAPESP, respectively. M. F. Fiore would also like to thank CNPq for a Research Fellowship (306607/2012-3). The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for the detailed revision of the manuscript, their comments, and suggestions. We also would like to thank M. G. M. V. Vaz for carefully reading the manuscript and Professor I. S. Obuekwe (University of Benin, Nigeria) for the English review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Mail Box 96, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil

    Diego Bonaldo Genuário, Adriana Sturion Lorenzi & Marli Fátima Fiore

  2. Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, EMBRAPA Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil

    Diego Bonaldo Genuário

  3. São Paulo State Environmental Agency (CETESB), Rua São Carlos 287, Campinas, SP, 13035-420, Brazil

    Livia Fernanda Agujaro

  4. School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Mail Box 6143, Campinas, SP, 13083-889, Brazil

    Ricardo de Lima Isaac

  5. Nucleus of Phycology, Institute of Botany, Avenida Miguel Estéfano 3687, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil

    Maria Teresa de Paiva Azevedo

  6. Water Supply and Sanitation Company (SANASA), Rua Abolição 2375, Campinas, SP, 13045-610, Brazil

    Romeu Cantúsio Neto

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  1. Diego Bonaldo Genuário
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Handling editor: Stefano Amalfitano

Diego Bonaldo Genuário and Adriana Sturion Lorenzi share the first authorship.

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Genuário, D.B., Lorenzi, A.S., Agujaro, L.F. et al. Cyanobacterial community and microcystin production in a recreational reservoir with constant Microcystis blooms. Hydrobiologia 779, 105–125 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2802-y

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