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Cold-adapted bacteria from a coastal area of the Ross Sea (Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica): linking microbial ecology to biotechnology

  • BIOLOGY OF THE ROSS SEA
  • Review Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

This review covers available information concerning the bacterial communities inhabiting coastal areas of Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica). Research was mainly focused on seawater, sediment, and benthic filter feeders. Coping with adverse environmental conditions, Antarctic bacteria have evolved peculiar strategies to survive in this harsh environment. In addition to cellular modifications, antagonistic interactions between them might have contributed to their adaptation to permanently low temperatures by reducing the presence of microbial competitors. The interrelationships existing among the members of bacterial communities, between them and their surrounding environment will be discussed. Quite interestingly, environmental selective pressures have led to the evolution of metabolic pathways responsible for the synthesis of unique secondary metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities. Finally, human perturbations have posed a serious questioning about the ability of microbial communities to respond to environmental anthropogenic changes in Antarctica. From a biotechnological viewpoint, bacteria inhabiting Terra Nova Bay are intriguing; indeed, many of them are able to degrade hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls at low temperatures, and tolerate heavy metals and antibiotics. After a brief description of cold-adapted bacteria, we will report on ecological roles of bacterial communities inhabiting the Terra Nova Bay, alongside a focus on biotechnological aspects of their cultivable fraction.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research foundation (Grant FFC#12/2011), the Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze (Grant 1103#2008), the MNA (Museo Nazionale dell’Antartide), and PNRA (Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide) Grant (PNRA 2013 AZ1.04). We also acknowledge the EU KBBE Project Pharmasea 2012–2016, Grant Agreement no: 312184.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Spianata San Raineri 86, 98124, Messina, Italy

    Angelina Lo Giudice

  2. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontrès 31, 98166, Messina, Italy

    Angelina Lo Giudice

  3. Laboratory of Microbial and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

    Renato Fani

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  1. Angelina Lo Giudice
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  2. Renato Fani
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Correspondence to Angelina Lo Giudice.

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This review is a tribute to Luigi Michaud, enthusiastic researcher, who died in Antarctica (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea) during sampling activities underwater. He strongly contributed to gain advances in our knowledge on the Antarctic microbial ecology. Most results here reported are the fruit of his dedication and passion.

Guest editors: Diego Fontaneto & Stefano Schiaparelli / Biology of the Ross Sea and Surrounding Areas in Antarctica

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Lo Giudice, A., Fani, R. Cold-adapted bacteria from a coastal area of the Ross Sea (Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica): linking microbial ecology to biotechnology. Hydrobiologia 761, 417–441 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2497-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2497-5

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