Abstract
Two beaver ponds in central New York State, one in a forested and one in an agricultural setting, were studied to determine the influence of nutrient enrichment on metabolic activity in small, shallow north temperate lentic systems with extensive littoral zones. Metabolic activity was determined from every 15-min oxygen measurements during the growing season utilizing a sonde and wind, temperature, and depth data. The agricultural Timmerman Pond was more enriched in phosphorus and nitrogen than the forested Hoxie Gorge Pond, a factor likely driving the greater gross primary production (GPP) and more positive net ecosystem production (NEP) measured in Timmerman. Average daily GPP was over 3X greater for the more enriched pond and seasonal average NEP was positive in the enriched pond while negative for the forested pond. Daily GPP and NEP were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with daily solar radiation at both ponds. The active metabolism of small ponds, the most abundant size class of lentic systems, further confirms the important role of inland waters in the transformation of carbon on a global scale.
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Acknowledgments
Laurie Klotz provided invaluable assistance with data analysis; and Linda Anderson, Victoria Benson, Jacquelyn Getman, David Kalb, Charles Muirhead, Laura Platt, and Kevin Slade provided field assistance. I thank James McKenna and two anonymous reviewers for beneficial critiques of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the United States Department of Education (Award Number U215K050452) and the State University of New York College at Cortland Undergraduate Research Council.
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Handling editor: John M. Melack
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Klotz, R.L. Factors driving the metabolism of two north temperate ponds. Hydrobiologia 711, 9–17 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1450-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1450-8