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Comparison of expression patterns of selected drought-responsive genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under shock-dehydration and slow drought treatments

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Abstract

Shock-like water stress using hydroponics and gradual water deficit in soil are the two widely used treatments to analyze transcriptional response of many crops to drought. In this study, we investigated the effects of shock drought (ShD) (0, 0.5, 1, 4, and 8 h) and slow drought (SDD) [soil water content (SWC) of 35 and 50 %] on the expression of well-known drought-responsive genes supplemented with physiological changes in barley. Two barley cultivars with contrasting leaf relative water content (RWC) and water loss rate (WLR) values were selected as Martı (MR; 60 % RWC and 0.046 gh−1 g−1 DW) and Erginel90 (ER; 38.3 % RWC and 0.350 gh−1 g−1 DW) under 38 % of SWC condition. According to the results, 0.5 h ShD was the critical time point for stress perception in leaves defined by the increase in WLR, ion leakage and H2O2 concentration. Expressions of antioxidant-related genes (Cu–Zn/SOD, HvCAT2, HvGST6, HvAPX) were rapidly induced in MR at 8 h shock, while only slightly upregulated in ER. We have also observed higher induction of expressions of HvBAS1, HvMT-2, HvABA7 and a photosynthesis-related gene HvLHCB during ShD compared to SDD. Contrarily, transcription factors (TFs), HvWRKY12 and HvDRF1 were expressed with lower values during shock-dehydration. Slow-drought treatments in both cultivars were characterized with high leaf RWCs and osmotic adjustment with low cell membrane damage, suggesting that barley maintains a basal tolerance to long-term water deficit. Our results confirmed that type of water stress treatment is crucial to measure gene expression, and a shock-like dehydration method should be the treatment of choice in evaluating barley plants with different physiological characteristics for water tolerance.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, Project Number BAP 4712. The authors thank to the staff of Dr. Maria von Korff’s lab for experimental advice on stress applications and qRT-PCR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey

    Filiz Gürel, Emre Yörük, Cüneyt Uçarlı & Nazaret Poyraz

  2. Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde University, Central Campus, 51240, Niğde, Turkey

    Neslihan Z. Öztürk

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  1. Filiz Gürel
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  2. Neslihan Z. Öztürk
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Correspondence to Filiz Gürel.

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Table S1

Primer sequences used for gene expression analysis by semiquantitative RT-PCR and qRT-PCR (DOC 42 kb)

Table S2

Percent change in relative water content (RWC) and water loss rate (WLR, gh−1 g−1 dry weight) in ten barley cultivars at the end of 10 days of dehydration. Values are given as mean ± SD (n = 5). Different letters indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 using least square means (DOCX 13 kb)

Table S3

Bivariate correlation coefficients (R) between physiological parameters and gene expressions of HvBAS1, HvMT2 and HvABA7 during shock-like dehydration (ShD) treatment, 0–8 h period, in MR and ER genotypes. IL: Ion leakage, Osmol: osmolality. Significance (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01) (DOCX 17 kb)

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Gürel, F., Öztürk, N.Z., Yörük, E. et al. Comparison of expression patterns of selected drought-responsive genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under shock-dehydration and slow drought treatments. Plant Growth Regul 80, 183–193 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-016-0156-0

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