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Salicylic acid in plant salinity stress signalling and tolerance

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Abstract

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses affecting crop production worldwide, costing over $27Bln per year in lost opportunities to agricultural sector and making improved salinity tolerance of crops a critical step for sustainable food production. Salicylic acid (SA) is a signalling molecule known to participate in defence responses against variety of environmental stresses including salinity. However, the specific knowledge on how SA signalling propagates and promotes salt tolerance in plants remains largely unknown. This review focuses on the role of SA in regulation of ion transport processes during salt stress. In doing this, we briefly summarise a current knowledge on SA biosynthesis and metabolism, and then discuss molecular and physiological mechanisms mediating SA intracellular and long distance transport. We then discuss mechanisms of SA sensing and interaction with other plant hormones and signalling molecules such as ROS, and how this signalling affects activity of sodium and potassium transporters during salt stress. We argue that NPR1-mediated SA signalling is pivotal for (1) controlling Na+ entry into roots and the subsequent long-distance transport into shoots, (2) enhancing H+-ATPase activity in roots, (3) preventing stress-induced K+ leakage from roots via depolarisation-activated potassium outward-rectifying channel (KOR) and ROS-activated non-selective cation channels, and (4) increasing K+ concentration in shoots during salt stress. Future work should focus on how SA can regulate Na+ exclusion and sequestration mechanisms in plants.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

aba3-1 :

ABA biosynthesis mutant3-1

acd :

Accelerated cell death

agd2 :

Aberrant growth and death2

AHG2 :

Encoding poly (A)-specific ribonuclease

BA2H:

Benzoic-acid-2-hydroxylase

cpr :

Constitutive expresser of PR (pathogenesis related protein)

dnd :

Defence no death

eds :

Enhanced disease susceptibility 5

GLR:

Glutamate receptor channels

GORK:

Guard cells Outward-Rectifying depolarisation-activated K+ channel

HKT:

High-affinity K+ transporter

ICS:

Isochorismate synthase

IPL:

Isochorismate pyruvate lyase

isd1 :

Lesions simulating disease1

MeSAG:

Methyl salicylic acid O-β-glucose

MeSA:

Methyl salicylate

NahG :

Naphthalene hydroxylase G

NPR1:

Non-expresser of pathogenesis related protein 1

NSCC:

Non-selective cation channels

nudt7 :

Nudix hydrolase7

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

SABP2:

SA-binding protein 2

SAG:

Salicylic acid O-β-glucoside

SAGT:

SA glycosyltransferase

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

SA:

Salicylic acid

SGE:

Salicyloyl glucose ester

sid2 :

SA-induction-deficient

siz1 :

Small ubiquitin-like modifier E3 ligase1

snc1 :

Suppressor of npr1-1 consitutive1

SOS1:

Salt overly sensitive1

SUMO:

Small ubiquitin-related modifier

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Acknowledgments

Maheswari Jayakannan was a recipient of Australian Postgraduate Award (APA) and University of Western Australia Postgraduate Award (UPA). This work was supported by the Australian Research Council grants to Z. Rengel (DP0988193 & DP130104825) and Grain Research and Development Corporation and Australian Research Council grants to S. Shabala.

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  1. School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

    Maheswari Jayakannan, Olga Babourina & Zed Rengel

  2. School of Land and Food and Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Maheswari Jayakannan, Jayakumar Bose & Sergey Shabala

  3. School of Biological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

    Maheswari Jayakannan

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  1. Maheswari Jayakannan
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Jayakannan, M., Bose, J., Babourina, O. et al. Salicylic acid in plant salinity stress signalling and tolerance. Plant Growth Regul 76, 25–40 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-015-0028-z

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