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Morphological variation related with environmental factors in endemic and threatened Jatropha species of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, Mexico

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Abstract

Jatropha spp. from Mexico includes high species richness and endemism; five species inhabit in the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve (TCBR), and they are important resources as food, medicine and biofuel. The assessment of morphological and agronomic characteristics is essential to identify, use and maintain plant genetic resources. Given the lack of information on the morphological variability of Jatropha species in relation to environment, the objective was to analyze the influence of physiographic, climatic, and anthropogenic factors in the morphological variability of the species: Jatropha neopauciflora and J. rzedowskii, both not-endangered; J. oaxacana, special protection; J. ciliata and J. rufescens, both endangered in the Reserve. Twelve quantitative morphological variables were measured in 24 populations of these species; 14 environmental variables were registered, and the disturbance index in the sites was estimated. The information was analyzed with Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). PCA detected interspecific variation: J. ciliata and J. rufescens have longer and broader leaves and longer flowers, while the other three species have smaller leaves and flowers. J. oaxacana population has intermediate size of leaves, fruits and seeds, compared with those of J. neopauciflora and J. rzedowskii. CCA detected intra-specific variation among the populations of J. neopauciflora and J. rzedowskii, which were separated in two groups due to fruit and seed size. Axis 1 of CCA correlated positively with altitude and annual temperature range, and negatively with mean annual temperature; at the intra-specific level, both species are adapted to variations of temperature and altitude.

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Acknowledgments

To the National System for Plant Genetic Resources (SINAREFI-SAGARPA) for funding this research. To the staff of the Biosphere Reserve Tehuacan-Cuicatlan (CONANP-SEMARNAT) for the facilities to conduct the field work. To the people of the region for their collaboration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Posgrado en Recursos Genéticos y Productividad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 carretera México-Texcoco Montecillo, 56230, Texcoco, Estado de México, México

    Nancy Yazmín Hernández-Nicolás & Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez

  2. Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, 56230, Texcoco, Estado de México, México

    Mario Luna-Cavazos & Angélica Romero-Manzanares

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, circuito exterior. Col. Copilco el Bajo, Del. Coyoacán, AP 04 510, México, D.F., México

    Jaime Jiménez-Ramírez

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  1. Nancy Yazmín Hernández-Nicolás
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  2. Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez
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  3. Mario Luna-Cavazos
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Correspondence to Mario Luna-Cavazos.

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Hernández-Nicolás, N.Y., Córdova-Téllez, L., Luna-Cavazos, M. et al. Morphological variation related with environmental factors in endemic and threatened Jatropha species of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, Mexico. Genet Resour Crop Evol 64, 557–568 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-016-0383-2

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