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Anti-tumor and anti-viral activities of Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)-related lectins

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Abstract

Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)-related lectin family, a superfamily of strictly mannose-binding specific lectins widespread among monocotyledonous plants, is well-known to possess a broad range of biological functions such as anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-fungal activities. Herein, we mainly focused on exploring the precise molecular mechanisms by which GNA-related lectins induce cancer cell apoptotic and autophagic death targeting mitochondria-mediated ROS-p38-p53 apoptotic or autophagic pathway, Ras-Raf and PI3K-Akt anti-apoptotic or anti-autophagic pathways. In addition, we further discussed the molecular mechanisms of GNA-related lectins exerting anti-viral activities by blocking the entry of the virus into its target cells, preventing transmission of the virus as well as forcing virus to delete glycan in its envelope protein and triggering neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, these findings may provide a new perspective of GNA-related lectins as potential drugs for cancer and virus therapeutics in the future.

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Abbreviations

CBAs:

Carbohydrate binding agents

Con A:

Concanavalin A

CV-N:

Cyanovirin-N

DC-SIGN:

Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

FADD:

Fas-associated protein with death domain

GNA:

Galanthus nivalis agglutinin

GRFT:

Griffithsin

HHA:

Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin

LNL:

Liparis noversa lectin

MEK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MMP:

Mitochondrial membrane potential

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

MVL:

Microcystis viridis lectin

NF–κB:

Nuclear factor–κB

OJL:

Ophiopogon japonicus lectin

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PCL:

Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase

POL:

Polygonatum odoratum lectin

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SVN:

Scytovirin

SFL:

Sophora flavescens lectin

TDL:

Typhonium divaricatum lectin

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

UDA:

Urtica dioica agglutinin

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Chun yang Li, Bo Liu, Huai long Xu (Sichuan University) for their critical reviews on this manuscript. This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30970643, No. 81173093 and No. J1103518).

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Correspondence to Jin-ku Bao.

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Wu, L., Bao, Jk. Anti-tumor and anti-viral activities of Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)-related lectins. Glycoconj J 30, 269–279 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-012-9440-z

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