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Molecular identification of a cryptic species in the Amazonian predatory catfish genus Pseudoplatystoma (Bleeker, 1962) from Peru

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Abstract

Pseudoplatystoma species are highly prized South American Pimelodid migratory catfishes. Until recently, their taxonomy was not clearly established, with discrepancies between morphological and molecular analyses. Here, Pseudoplatystoma species from the Peruvian Amazon were characterized at the molecular level from a sample representing the observed range of their color pattern variations in the study area. Analyses were performed using seven microsatellite loci for 103 specimens and, for part of them (52), using sequences of two regions of their mitochondrial genome [Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) and Control Region (CR)]. Factorial correspondence analysis and assignment tests based on microsatellite polymorphism showed that the specimens originally identified as P. punctifer belonged to two different gene pools highly differentiated from P. tigrinum. Morphological examination identified two different morphotypes (with and without black stripes), suggesting the existence of two distinct taxa within P. punctifer. This result was corroborated by the ML tree based on CR sequences, where all individuals but four clustered in a similar way as in the FCA and Bayesian assignment tests. For these four individuals, mitochondrial introgression or retention of ancestral polymorphism was likely. In contrast, the ML tree based on COI sequences showed that reciprocal monophyly was not yet achieved for this marker for the two P. punctifer taxa. The existence of three sympatric species of Pseudoplatystoma in the Peruvian Amazon is discussed in relation to their molecular characteristics, color patterns and ecology. Evolutionary scenarios regarding their divergence are hypothesized.

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Acknowledgments

This study was carried out within the Laboratoire Mixte International “Evolution et Domestication de l’Ichtyofaune Amazonienne” (LMI-EDIA) developed by the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP) and the Institut Français de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), both of which are part of the network Red de Investigación sobre la Ictiofauna Amazónica (RIIA http://www.riiaamazonia.org/). Financial support was provided by INCAGRO (Inovación para el Agro Peruano, subproject “Breeding and intensive production of fingerlings of Doncella Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus, 1776) in the Peruvian Amazon”), IIAP and IRD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Mixte International-Evolution et Domestication de l’Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI-EDIA), Iquitos, Peru

    Carmen García-Dávila, Fabrice Duponchelle, Diana Castro-Ruiz, Sophie Quérouil, Werner Chota-Macuyama, Jesus Núñez, Uwe Römer, Fernando Carvajal-Vallejos & Jean-François Renno

  2. Laboratorio de Biología y Genética Molecular (LBGM), Programa para el Uso y Conservación del Agua y sus Recursos (AQUAREC), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos-Nauta, Km. 4.5, Iquitos, Peru

    Carmen García-Dávila, Diana Castro-Ruiz, José Villacorta & Werner Chota-Macuyama

  3. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 226-ISEM), Université Montpellier 2, CC 065, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Fabrice Duponchelle, Sophie Quérouil, Jesus Núñez & Jean-François Renno

  4. Department of Geo-Sciences Institute for Biogeography, University of Trier, Am Wissenschaftspark 25–27, 54296, Trier, Germany

    Uwe Römer

  5. Linteler Straße 19, 33334, Gütersloh, Germany

    Uwe Römer

  6. Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos, Universidad Mayor San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia

    Fernando Carvajal-Vallejos

  7. Asociación FAUNAGUA, Cochabamba, Bolivia

    Fernando Carvajal-Vallejos

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  1. Carmen García-Dávila
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  2. Fabrice Duponchelle
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  3. Diana Castro-Ruiz
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  4. José Villacorta
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  5. Sophie Quérouil
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  6. Werner Chota-Macuyama
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  7. Jesus Núñez
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  8. Uwe Römer
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  9. Fernando Carvajal-Vallejos
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  10. Jean-François Renno
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Correspondence to Jean-François Renno.

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García-Dávila, C., Duponchelle, F., Castro-Ruiz, D. et al. Molecular identification of a cryptic species in the Amazonian predatory catfish genus Pseudoplatystoma (Bleeker, 1962) from Peru. Genetica 141, 347–358 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-013-9734-5

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