Abstract
Use of waste materials in ground improvement and soil stabilization is becoming important because of increasing costs of waste disposal and environmental considerations. Cement kiln dust is one of the waste materials obtained as by-product of cement manufacturing process the disposal of which is not manageable and poses serious environmental threat. The cement kiln dust can be used in stabilization of soils and wastes, production of cement, agricultural and cement concrete products. This experimental work focuses on study of different characteristics of clayey soil using waste cement kiln dust obtained from nearby cement factory. The polypropylene waste fiber was utilized to further improve the properties of cement kiln dust stabilized soil. Proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio and split tensile strength tests were performed at different percentages of cement kiln dust without fiber and with optimum fiber content. The compaction characteristics were observed to improve with the maximum dry density occurring at 12% cement kiln dust. The results reveal that both unconfined compressive and split tensile strengths increase with curing period and the maximum values achieved at 12% cement kiln dust. The compaction and strength characteristics were observed to improve at the optimum content of polypropylene waste fiber.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali MAM, Yang H-S (2011) Utilization of cement kiln dust in industry cement bricks. Geosyst Eng 14(1):29–34
ASTM D5050-96, Standard guide for the commercial use of lime kiln dusts and Portland cement kiln dusts. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken
ASTM D854-10, Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. American Society for Testing of Materials, Pennsylvania
ASTM D4318-10, Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils. American Society for Testing of Materials, Pennsylvania
ASTM D698-07e1, Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort. American Society for Testing of Materials, Pennsylvania
ASTM D2166-13, Standard test methods for unconfined compressive strength test for soils. American Society for Testing of Materials, Pennsylvania
ASTM D6913-04, Standard test methods for particle size distribution (gradation) of soils using sieve analysis. American Society for Testing of Materials, Pennsylvania
ASTM D3967-08, Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of intact rock core specimens. American Society for Testing of Materials, Pennsylvania
ASTM D1883-16, Standard test method for California bearing ratio (CBR) of laboratory-compacted soils. American Society for Testing of Materials, Pennsylvania
Baghdadi ZA, Rahman MA (1990) The potential of cement kiln dust for the stabilization of dune sand in highway construction. Build Environ 25(4):285–289
Baghdadi ZA, Fatani MN, Sabban NA (1995) Soil modification by cement kiln dust. ASCE J Mater Civ Eng 7(4):218–222
Bhatty JI, Bhattacharja S, Tordes HA (1996) Use of cement kiln dust in stabilizing clay soils. PCA Serial No. 2035. Portland Cement Association, Skokie, p 28
Collins RJ, Emery JJ (1983) Kiln dust-fly ash systems for highway bases and sub-bases. Report No. FHWA/RD-82/167. Federal Highway Administration, Washington
Elmashad MEMA (2011) Soil improvement using cement dust mixture. Int J Civ Environ Struct Constr Archit Eng 5(10):438–441
Hashad A, El-Mashad M (2014) Assessment of soil mixing with cement kiln dust to reduce soil lateral pressure compared to other soil improvement methods. HBRC J 10:169–175
Ismaiel H (2013) Cement kiln dust chemical stabilization of expansive soil exposed at El-Kawther Quarter, Sohag Region, Egypt. Int J Geosci 4(10):1416–1424
Ismail AIM, Belal ZL (2016) Use of cement kiln dust on the engineering modification of soil materials, Nile Delta, Egypt. Geotech Geol Eng 34:463–469
Klemm WA (1980) Kiln dust utilization. Report MML TR 80-12. Martin Marietta Laboratories, Baltimore
Laguros JG, Davidson DT (1963) Effect of chemicals on soil–cement stabilization. Highway Research Board Record No. 36
McCoy WJ, Kriner RW (1971) Use of waste kiln dust for soil consolidation. Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Allentown
Miller GA, Azad S (2000) Influence of soil type on stabilization with cement kiln dust. Constr Build Mater 14(2):89–97
Miller CT, Bensch DG, Colony DC (1980) Use of cement-kiln dust and fly ash in pozzolanic concrete base courses, in emulsion mix design, stabilization, and compaction TRB. Transportation Research Record No. 754. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, pp 36–41
Mohamed AM (2002) Hydro-mechanical evaluation of soil stabilized with cement-kiln dust in arid lands. Environ Geol 42(8):910–921
Müller HP (1977) What is dust? Characterization and classification of kiln dust. In: 24th technical meeting. Report No. MA 77/2505/E. Holderbank Management and Consulting Ltd., Technical Center Material Division, Aargau
Napeierala R (1983) Stabilization of the subsoil with the dust from the kilns for Portland cement clinker burning. Cement Wapno Gips XXXVI/L(4):127–128
Nicholson JP (1977) Mixture for pavement bases and the like. US Patent #4,018,617, Apr 19
Nicholson JP (1982) Stabilized mixture. US Patent #4,101,332, 18 July 1978. Reissue #30,943, 25 May
Oriola F, Moses G (2011) Compacted black cotton soil treated with cement kiln dust as hydraulic barrier material. Am J Sci Ind Res 2(4):521–530
Peethamparan S, Olek J, Lovel J (2008) Influence of chemical and physical characteristics of cement kiln dusts (CKDs) on their hydration behavior and potential suitability for soil stabilization. Cem Concr Res 38(6):803–815
Peethamparan S, Olek J, Diamond S (2009) Mechanism of stabilization of Na-montmorillonite clay with cement kiln dust. Cem Concr Res 39(7):580–589
Sayah AI (1993) Stabilization of expansive clay using cement kiln dust. M.Sc. thesis, Graduate School University of Oklahoma, Norman
Solanki P, Khoury N, Zaman MM (2009) Engineering properties and moisture susceptibility of silty clay stabilized with lime, class C fly ash, and cement kiln dust. J Mater Civ Eng 21(12):749–757
Southgate HE, Mahboub KC (1994) Proposed uniform scale for stiffness of unbound pavement materials for pavement design. J Transp Eng 120(6):940–952
Sreekrishnavilasam A, King S, Santagata M (2006) Characterization of fresh and land-filled cement kiln dust for reuse in construction applications. Eng Geol 85(1–2):165–173
Sreekrishnavilasam A, Rahardja S, Kmetz R, Santagata M (2007) Soil treatment using fresh and land filled cement kiln dust. J Constr Build Mater 21(2):318–327
Todres HA, Mishulovich A, Ahmad I (1992) Cement kiln dust management: permeability. Research and Development Bulletin RD103T. Portland Cement Association, Skokie
Zaman M, Laguros JG, Sayah A (1992) Soil stabilization using cement kiln dust. In: Proceedings of 7th international conference on expansive soils, vol 1, Dallas, pp 347–354
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharma, R.K. Laboratory study on stabilization of clayey soil with cement kiln dust and fiber. Geotech Geol Eng 35, 2291–2302 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0245-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0245-5