Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of single- and multi-interface strength tests for a proposed landfill liner system configuration. The comparison includes peak and large displacement combination strength envelopes from single- and multi-interface direct shear tests for the same geosynthetic/geosynthetic, geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)/geomembrane, and soil/geosynthetic interfaces. This comparison shows relative agreement between strength envelopes derived from single- and multi-interface tests for the materials tested. Single-interface test results appear to be generally more conservative. Potentially significant differences in the large-displacement strength envelopes were noted that could be a result of the increased strain required to mobilize peak stresses in the multi-interface tests compared to the single-interface tests in combination with the limited maximum displacement allowed by the direct shear testing devices. The test results are also used to illustrate the effect of different soil types and GCL hydration on the peak and large displacement strength envelopes.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- CSL:
-
Compacted soil liner
- GCL:
-
Geosynthetic clay liner
- GM:
-
Geomembrane
- HDPE:
-
High density polyethylene
- k :
-
Hydraulic conductivity
- LCRS:
-
Liquid collection and recovery system
- LD:
-
Large displacement
- MSW:
-
Municipal solid waste
- NWGT:
-
Nonwoven geotextile
- t 100 :
-
Theoretical time for 100 % primary consolidation
- τ :
-
Shear strength
References
ASTM Standard D1557-07 (2002) Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM Standard D421-85 (2007) Standard practice for dry preparation of soil samples for particle-size analysis and determination of soil constants. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM Standard D4632-08 (2008) Standard test method for grab breaking load and elongation of geotextiles. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM Standard D5321 / D5321M-14 (2014) Standard test method for determining the shear strength of soil-geosynthetic and geosynthetic-geosynthetic interfaces by direct shear. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA
ASTM Standard D6243-98 (1998) Standard test method for determining the internal and interface shear resistance of geosynthetic clay liner by the direct shear method. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken
ASTM Standard D7466-08 (2008) Standard test method for measuring asperity height of textured geomembrane. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken
Bove JA (1990) Direct shear friction testing for geosynthetics in waste containment. In: Proceedings, ASTM symposium on geosynthetic testing for waste containment applications, special technical publication 1081, pp 241–256
Breitenbach, AJ, Swan Jr., RH (1999) Influence of high load deformations on geomembrane liner interface strengths. In: Proceedings, geosynthetics ‘99 conference, IFAI, Boston, Mass., vol 1, pp 517–529
Byrne RJ, Kendall J, Brown S (1992) Cause and mechanism of failure, Kettleman Hills Landfill B-19, unit IA. In: Proceedings, ASCE specialty conference on performance and stability of slopes and embankments-II, ASCE, New York, New York, USA, pp 1188–1215
Dove JE, Frost JD (1999) Peak friction behavior of smooth geomembrane--particle interfaces. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE 125(7):544–555
Erickson RB, Theil R (2002) Design and application of the geomembrane supported GCL in one-product and encapsulated composite liner systems. In: Proceedings, international symposium on clay geosynthetic barrier, Nuremberg, Germany, April 16–17, pp 31–40
Fox PJ (2010) Internal and interface shear strengths of geosynthetic clay liners. In: Proceedings, 3rd international symposium on geosynthetic clay liners. Wurzburg, Germany. September 15/16, 2010
Fox PJ, Kim RH (2008) Effect of progressive failure on measured shear strength of geomembrane/GCL interface. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE 134(4):459–469
Fox PJ, Stark TD (2004) State-of-the-art report: GCL shear strength and its measurement. Geosynthet Int J 11(3):141–175
Jones DRV, Dixon N (1998) Shear strength properties of geomembrane/geotextile interfaces. Geotext Geomembr 16(1):45–71
Karademir T, Frost JD (2011) Elevated temperature effects on geotextile–geomembrane interface strength. In: Proceedings, specialty conference (GEO-FRONTIERS 2011), ASCE, Dallas, TX, USA, pp 1023–1033
Koerner RM, Martin JP, Koerner GR (1986) Shear strength parameters between geomembranes and cohesive soils. Geotext Geomembr 4(1):21–30
Li MH, Gilbert RB (2006) Mechanism of post-peak strength reduction for textured geomembrane–nonwoven geotextile interface. Geosynthet Int J 13(5):206–209
Martin JP, Koerner RM, Whitty JE (1984) Experimental friction evaluation of slippage between geomembranes, geotextiles, and soils. In: Proceedings, international conference on geomembranes, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp 191–196
Mitchell JK, Seed RB, Seed HB (1990) Kettleman hills waste landfill slope failure I: liner-system properties. J Geotech Eng ASCE 116(4):647–668
Negussey D, Wijewickreme WKD, Vaid YP (1989) Geomembrane interface friction. Can Geotech J 26(1):165–169
O’Rourke TD, Druschel SJ, Netravali AN (1990) Shear strength characteristics of sand–polymer interfaces. J Geotech Eng ASCE 116(3):451–469
Saxena SK, Wong YT (1984) Friction characteristics of a geomembrane. In: Proceedings, international conference on geomembranes, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp 187–190
Seed RB, Boulanger RW (1991) Smooth HDPE-clay liner interface shear strengths: compaction effects. J Geotech Eng ASCE 117(4):686–693
Seed RB, Mitchell JK, Seed HB (1990) Kettleman hills waste landfill slope failure II: stability analysis. J Geotech Eng ASCE 116(4):669–689
Stark TD (1999) Stability of waste containment facilities. In: Proceedings of Waste Tech’99, National Solid Wastes Management Association, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, February, pp 1–24
Stark TD, Choi H (2004) Peak vs. residual interface strengths for landfill liner and cover design. Geosynthet Int J 2(6):1–7
Stark TD, Poeppel AR (1994) Landfill liner interface strengths from torsional ring shear tests. J Geotech Eng ASCE 120(3):597–615
Stark TD, Williamson TA, Eid HT (1996) HDPE geomembrane/geotextile interface shear strength. J Geotech Eng ASCE 122(3):197–203
Stark TD, Arellano D, Evans WD, Wilson VL, Gonda J (1998) Unreinforced geosynthetic clay liner case history. Geosynthet Int J 5(5):521–544
Takasumi DL, Green KR, Holtz RD (1991) Soil-geosynthetic interface strength characteristics: a review of state-of-the-art testing procedures. In: Proceedings, Geosynthetics’91 conference, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, vol 1, pp 87–100
Taylor DW (1948) Fundamentals of soil mechanics. Wiley, New York
Triplett EJ, Fox PJ (2001) Shear strength of HDPE geomembrane/geosynthetic clay liner surfaces. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE 127(6):543–552
Williams ND, Houlihan MF (1987) Evaluation of interface friction properties between geosynthetics and soils. In: Proceedings, Geosynthetics’87 conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, vol 2, pp 616–627
Yegian MK, Lahlaf AM (1992) Discussion of Kettleman hills waste landfill slope failure I: liner-system properties. J Geotech Eng ASCE 118(4):643–645
Acknowledgments
The authors especially appreciate and acknowledge the valuable assistance provided by Cassandra M. Dumoulin at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the final preparation and formatting of this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stark, T.D., Niazi, F.S. & Keuscher, T.C. Strength Envelopes from Single and Multi Geosynthetic Interface Tests. Geotech Geol Eng 33, 1351–1367 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-015-9906-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-015-9906-4