Abstract
Autophagy is an important evolutionary conserved process in eukaryotic organisms for the turnover of intracellular substances. Recent studies revealed that autophagy displays circadian rhythms in mice and zebrafish. To date, there is no report focused on the rhythmic changes of autophagy in fish skeletal muscles upon nutritional deprivation. In this study, we examined the circadian rhythms of 158 functional genes in tilapia muscle in response to starvation. We found that 12 genes were involved in autophagy changed their rhythm after starvation. Among these genes, Atg4c, Bnip3la, Lc3a, Lc3b, Lc3c, and Ulk1a exhibited a daily rhythmicity in tilapia muscle, and Atg4b, becn1, bnip3la, bnip3lb, Lc3a, and ulk1b were significantly upregulated in response to starvation. The number of autophagosomes was dramatically increased in fasted fish, indicating that nutritional signals affect not only the muscular clock system but also its autophagy behavior. Administration of GSK4112, an activator of Nr1d1, altered rhythmic expression of both circadian clock genes and autophagy genes in tilapia muscle. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that nutritional deficiency affects both circadian regulation and autophagy activities in skeletal muscle.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China for supporting the funding and Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries, Hunan Province for their support and assistance with the fish.
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This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31820103016). The funding bodies did not have a role in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data, writing the manuscript, nor the decision to publish.
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Wu, P., Cheng, J., Chen, L. et al. Nr1d1 affects autophagy in the skeletal muscles of juvenile Nile tilapia by regulating the rhythmic expression of autophagy-related genes. Fish Physiol Biochem 46, 891–907 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-019-00757-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-019-00757-9