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Influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on growth performance, innate immune response, biochemical parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

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Abstract

The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on rainbow trout growth performance, innate immunity and biochemical parameters were studied. Rainbow trout (17–18 g) were exposed to electromagnetic fields (15 Hz) at 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µT, for 1 h daily over period of 60 days. Growth performance of fish improved in different treatment groups, especially at 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µT. Immunological parameters, specifically hemagglutinating titer, total antiprotease and α1-antiprotease levels in treatment groups, were also enhanced. Total protein and globulin contents in the serum of fish exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µT were significantly higher than those in the control group. No significant differences were found in serum enzyme activities, namely aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of fish in all treatment groups. Conversely, alkaline phosphatase level decreased in fish exposed to 0.01 and 50 µT electromagnetic fields. Meanwhile, electromagnetic induction at 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µT enhanced fish protection against Yersinia ruckeri. These results indicated that these specific electromagnetic fields had possible effects on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of rainbow trout.

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Acknowledgments

The researchers would like to thank Dr. Baradaran for his convenient comments during this project. The first author is grateful to Research affairs of University of Tabriz, Iran, for supporting financially.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Katayoon Nofouzi & Javad Ashrafi-Helan

  2. Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Najmeh Sheikhzadeh

  3. Department of Astrophysics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Davood Mohamad-Zadeh Jassur

Authors
  1. Katayoon Nofouzi
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  2. Najmeh Sheikhzadeh
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  3. Davood Mohamad-Zadeh Jassur
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  4. Javad Ashrafi-Helan
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Correspondence to Katayoon Nofouzi.

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Nofouzi, K., Sheikhzadeh, N., Mohamad-Zadeh Jassur, D. et al. Influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on growth performance, innate immune response, biochemical parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss . Fish Physiol Biochem 41, 721–731 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-015-0041-1

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