Abstract
The kidney plays an important physiological function, maintaining the osmoregulation and electrolyte balance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Selenium and α-tocopherol (α-toc) are potent antioxidants, which improve the aquaculture health. In this study, we tested the potential ability of selenium and α-toc to alleviate the oxidative stress in the kidney induced by lead toxicity. Two hundred and twenty-five O. niloticus were divided into five groups. The control group received a basal diet. Lead nephrotoxicity was induced by daily application of 73.40 mg lead acetate/liter water for up to 10 weeks. Selenium and α-tocopherol were given 1 week before lead intoxication. Selenium was administered as sodium selenite, 4 mg/kg dry diet. Alpha-tocopherol acetate was administered as α-toc, 200 mg/kg dry diet. The last group received a mixture of selenium and α-toc in diet. Fish treated with selenium and/or α-toc (groups III–V) showed an amelioration of the adverse effects of lead toxicity and significant improvement in serum electrolytes (calcium, inorganic phosphate, and magnesium) and creatinine level compared with the positive control group (P ≤ 0.05). Treated groups showed significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity with significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA; P ≤ 0.05). It could be concluded that selenium and α-toc have a potential antioxidant effect and have the ability to improve the kidney function after lead intoxication of O. niloticus.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad I, Hamid T, Fatima M, Chand HS, Jain SK, Athar M, Raisuddin S (2000) Induction of hepatic antioxidants in freshwater catfish (Channa punctatus Bloch) is a biomarker of paper mill effluent exposure. Biochim Biophys Acta 1523:37–48
Ahmadi A, Mazooji N, Roozbeh J, Mazloom Z, Hasanzade J (2013) Effect of alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. Iran J Kidney Dis 7:461–467
Atencio L, Moreno I, Jos A, Prieto AI, Moyano R, Blanco A, Camean AM (2009) Effects of dietary selenium on the oxidative stress and pathological changes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a microcystin-producing cyanobacterial water bloom. Toxicon Off J Int Soc Toxinology 53:269–282
Atif F, Yousuf S, Agrawal SK (2008) Restraint stress-induced oxidative damage and its amelioration with selenium. Eur J Pharmacol 600:59–63
Atli G, Alptekin O, Tukel S, Canli M (2006) Response of catalase activity to Ag+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in five tissues of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus. Comp Biochem Physiol Toxicol Pharmacol 143:218–224
Berry EM, Kohen R (1999) Is the biological antioxidant system integrated and regulated? Med Hypotheses 53:397–401
Berti G, Fossati P, Tarenghi G, Musitelli C, Melzi d’Eril GV (1988) Enzymatic colorimetric method for the determination of inorganic phosphorus in serum and urine. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 26:399–404
Cohen SA, Sideman L (1979) Modification of the o-cresolphthalein complexone method for determining calcium. Clin Chem 25:1519–1520
Draper HH, Hadley M (1990) Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol 186:11
El-Demerdash FM (2001) Effects of selenium and mercury on the enzymatic activities and lipid peroxidation in brain, liver, and blood of rats. J Environ Sci Health Part B Pestic Food Contam Agric Wastes 36:489–499
El-Demerdash FM (2004) Antioxidant effect of vitamin E and selenium on lipid peroxidation, enzyme activities and biochemical parameters in rats exposed to aluminium. J Trace Elem Med Biol Organ Soc Miner Trace Elem 18:113–121
Ersteniuk, HM (2004) Effect of selenium on metabolic processes in erythrocytes during cadmium intoxication. Likars’ka sprava/Ministerstvo okhorony zdorov’ia Ukrainy, 65–67
Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu G (2002) Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 18:872–879
Farombi EO, Adelowo OA, Ajimoko YR (2007) Biomarkers of oxidative stress and heavy metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) from Nigeria Ogun River. Int J Environ Res Public Health 4:158–165
Flora SJ, Singh S, Tandon SK (1984) Prevention of lead intoxication by vitamin-B complex. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete 30:409–411
Flora SJ, Mittal M, Mehta A (2008) Heavy metal induced oxidative stress and its possible reversal by chelation therapy. Indian J Med Res 128:501–523
Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK (1977) Superoxide dismutases: I occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol 59:309–314
Hassanain MA, Abbas WT, Ibrahim TB (2012) Skeletal ossification impairment in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to lead acetate. Pak J Biol Sci 15:729–735
Heinegard D, Tiderstrom G (1973) Determination of serum creatinine by a direct colorimetric method. Clin Chim Acta Int J Clin Chem 43:305–310
Heinonen OP, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Taylor PR, Huttunen JK, Hartman AM, Haapakoski J, Malila N, Rautalahti M, Ripatti S, Maenpaa H, Teerenhovi L, Koss L, Virolainen M, Edwards BK (1998) Prostate cancer and supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene: incidence and mortality in a controlled trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 90:440–446
Hsu PC, Guo YL (2002) Antioxidant nutrients and lead toxicity. Toxicology 180:33–44
Huculeci R, Dinu D, Staicu AC, Munteanu MC, Costache M, Dinischiotu A (2009) Malathion-induced alteration of the antioxidant defence system in kidney, gill, and intestine of Carassius auratus gibelio. Environ Toxicol 24:523–530
John S, Kale M, Rathore N, Bhatnagar D (2001) Protective effect of vitamin E in dimethoate and malathion induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. J Nutr Biochem 12:500–504
Le KT, Fotedar R, Partridge G (2013) Selenium and vitamin E interaction in the nutrition of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi): physiological and immune responses. Aquac Nutr 20(3):303–313
Lim C, Yildirim-Aksoy M, Li MH, Welker TL, Klesius PH (2009) Influence of dietary levels of lipid and vitamin E on growth and resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus iniae challenge. Aquaculture 298:76–82
Lushchak VI (2011) Environmentally induced oxidative stress in aquatic animals. Aquat Toxicol 101:13–30
Luszczek-Trojnar E, Drag-Kozak E, Popek W (2013) Lead accumulation and elimination in tissues of Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), after long-term dietary exposure, and depuration periods. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20:3122–3132
Misra S, Peak D, Chen N, Hamilton C, Niyogi S (2012) Tissue-specific accumulation and speciation of selenium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to elevated dietary selenomethionine. Comp Biochem Physiol Toxicol Pharmacol 155:560–565
Moe SM (2008) Disorders involving calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Prim Care 35:215–237 v–vi
Monteiro DA, Rantin FT, Kalinin AL (2009) The effects of selenium on oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater characid fish matrinxa, Brycon cephalus (Gunther, 1869) exposed to organophosphate insecticide Folisuper 600 BR (methyl parathion). Comp Biochem Physiol Toxicol Pharmacol 149:40–49
Montero D, Tort L, Robaina L, Vergara JM, Izquierdo MS (2001) Low vitamin E in diet reduces stress resistance of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol 11:473–490
Orsi NM, Leese HJ (2001) Protection against reactive oxygen species during mouse preimplantation embryo development: role of EDTA, oxygen tension, catalase, superoxide dismutase and pyruvate. Mol Reprod Dev 59:44–53
Özkan-Yilmaz F, Özlüer-Hunt A, Gündüz SG, Berköz M, Yalin S (2014) Effects of dietary selenium of organic form against lead toxicity on the antioxidant system in Cyprinus carpio. Fish Physiol Biochem 40(2):355–363
Pacini N, Abete MC, Dorr AJ, Prearo M, Natali M, Elia AC (2012) Detoxifying response in juvenile tench fed by selenium diet. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 33:46–52
Pascoe GA, Olafsdottir K, Reed DJ (1987) Vitamin E protection against chemical-induced cell injury. I. Maintenance of cellular protein thiols as a cytoprotective mechanism. Arch Biochem Biophys 256:150–158
Patel M, Rogers JT, Pane EF, Wood CM (2006) Renal responses to acute lead waterborne exposure in the freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat Toxicol 80:362–371
Platt RW (1998) ANOVA, t tests, and linear regression. Inj Prev J Int Soc Child Adolesc Inj Prev 4:52–53
Pryor WA (2000) Vitamin E and heart disease: basic science to clinical intervention trials. Free Radic Biol Med 28:141–164
Puangkaew J, Kiron V, Somamoto T, Okamoto N, Satoh S, Takeuchi T, Watanabe T (2004) Nonspecific immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) in relation to different status of vitamin E and highly unsaturated fatty acids. Fish Shellfish Immunol 16:25–39
Quig D (1998) Cysteine metabolism and metal toxicity. Altern Med Rev J Clin Ther 3:262–270
Rahman K (2007) Studies on free radicals, antioxidants, and co-factors. Clin Interv Aging 2:219–236
Rogers JT, Wood CM (2004) Characterization of branchial lead-calcium interaction in the freshwater rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Exp Biol 207:813–825
Salami IR, Rahmawati S, Sutarto RI, Jaya PM (2008) Accumulation of heavy metals in freshwater fish in cage aquaculture at Cirata reservoir, West Java, Indonesia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1140:290–296
Scotta GR, Sloman KA (2004) The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour: integrating behavioural and physiological indicators of toxicity. Aquat Toxicol 68:369–392
Sedlak J, Lindsay RH (1968) Estimation of total protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman’s reagent. Anal Biochem 25:14
Sirota TV (2010) Effect of selenium-containing products on antioxidant enzyme activity in the kidneys, liver, and blood of guinea pigs. Bull Exp Biol Med 149:412–415
Smith AJ (1955) A colorimetric method for the estimation of serum magnesium. Biochem J 60:522–527
Steinbrenner H, Sies H (2009) Protection against reactive oxygen species by selenoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1790:1478–1485
Talas ZS, Orun I, Ozdemir I, Erdogan K, Alkan A, Yilmaz I (2008) Antioxidative role of selenium against the toxic effect of heavy metals (Cd+ 2, Cr+ 3) on liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792). Fish Physiol Biochem 34:217–222
Traber MG, Atkinson J (2007) Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more. Free Radic Biol Med 43:4–15
Upasani CD, Balaraman R (2003) Protective effect of Spirulina on lead induced deleterious changes in the lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidants in rats. Phytother Res 17:330–334
Valavanidis A, Vlahogianni T, Dassenakis M, Scoullos M (2006) Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 64:178–189
Van Vleet JF, Ferrans VJ (1980) Evaluation of vitamin E and selenium protection against chronic adriamycin toxicity in rabbits. Cancer Treat Rep 64:315–317
Wang X, Yin X, Bai X (2002) [Combined effect of lead and cadmium on lipid peroxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells of rats]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu/J Hyg Res 31:232–234
Yu CC, Lin JL, Lin-Tan DT (2004) Environmental exposure to lead and progression of chronic renal diseases: a four-year prospective longitudinal study. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:1016–1022
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge with appreciation all the members of the writing center of both Kansas State University and Oklahoma State University for their help in language editing of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hashish, E.A., Elgaml, S.A., El-Murr, A. et al. Nephroprotective and antioxidant significance of selenium and α-tocopherol on lead acetate-induced toxicity of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Physiol Biochem 41, 651–660 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-015-0035-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-015-0035-z