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Effects of cysteamine on mRNA levels of growth hormone and its receptors and growth in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

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Abstract

Effects of cysteamine (CS) on growth hormone (GH) mRNA, two types of growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNAs and growth rate in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were investigated. CS could cause a modification in the structure of somatostatin, which is the most important neuroendocrine inhibitor of basal and stimulated growth hormone synthesis and release, and renders it nonimmunoreactive probably through interaction with the disulfide bonds. In the present study, cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) enhanced the level of pituitary GH mRNA in a dose-dependent manner through attenuating or deleting the inhibiting action of somatostatin on GH mRNA expression. CSH at relatively low doses (from 1 to 3 mg/g diet) enhanced the levels of two types of GHR mRNAs in dose-dependent manner, whereas the stimulation induced by CSH declined from the peak at higher dose of CSH (4 mg/g diet). It might be attributed to the variation in GH-induced up-regulation of GHRs at different doses of GH. Feeding of CSH could induce remarkable enhancement of growth rate in orange-spotted grouper. In addition, the stimulatory effect of CSH could be potentiated by the additive effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRH-A). Compared with individual treatments, combined feeding of CSH and LHRH-A caused more efficient elevation of growth rate after 8 weeks of feeding. CSH and LHRH-A individually and in combination remarkably increased the levels of GH and GHR mRNAs compared with the control. The combined administration of CSH and LHRH-A in diet was most effective to enhance the level of GH and GHR1 mRNA. The morphological characteristics of the experimental fish were evaluated. Compared with control, the ratios of muscle RNA/DNA, condition factors (CF) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were significantly enhanced in the treated groups, while the highest values were observed in the combined treatment. All the results suggested that CSH (1–3 mg/g diet) is an effective, economical and feasible feed additive in orange-spotted grouper culture.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in Public Interest (200903046), National 863 Program of China (2012AA092201 and 2012AA10A407), Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Achievements Program Special Fund (BA2009083), Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program (2010B090400551 and 2011B020307009), Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (J50701) (Marine Biology) and Doctor Initiation Program of Shanghai Ocean University (Ke07-277). Thanks to Doctor Zhuo Qi, Doctor Liu Yun and Doctor Zhu Pei for the assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Yun Li, Xiaochun Liu, Yong Zhang, Xilan Ma & Haoran Lin

  2. College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Yun Li

  3. College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China

    Haoran Lin

  4. Department of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China

    Xilan Ma

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  1. Yun Li
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Correspondence to Haoran Lin.

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Li, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Y. et al. Effects of cysteamine on mRNA levels of growth hormone and its receptors and growth in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish Physiol Biochem 39, 605–613 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-012-9723-0

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