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Histopathological alterations in Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis, from a polluted Huelva estuary (SW, Spain)

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Abstract

As a component of a large research project to evaluate the effects of contaminants on fish health in the field, histopathological studies have been conducted to help establish causal relationship between pollutants (heavy metals and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons—PAHs) and histopathological responses in Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis, from an estuary of SW Spain. Heavy metals (As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Fe) and 16 PAHs (proprietary USEPA) concentrations in water, sediment and tissues (liver and gills) and histopathological alterations in S. senegalensis from three sampling sites of Ria de Huelva estuary during 2004–2006 years have been analysed. The histopathological studies revealed seasonal and spatial differences in the lesion grade of alterations observing the highest lesion grades in fish from Odiel River and autumn season. No significant differences were observed in the alterations prevalence between sampling sites, but significant differences were observed between seasons observing the highest prevalence in autumn season. However, calculated IPAT demonstrated a low–moderate impact of pollutants on health fish. Correlations between histopathological alterations and pollutants analysed were observed being heavy metals the group that presented a major number of correlations with alterations in several organs of S. senegalensis. In evaluating the general health of fish, the use of histopathological studies in recommended for making more reliable assessment of biochemical responses in fish exposed to a variety of environmental stressors. Statistical analysis using semiquantitative data on pathological lesions can help to establish correlation between cause (stressor) and effect (biomarker).

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by Project SEAPAT: “Biomarkers and histopathology in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, and Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis,” (CICYT, REN 2003-09361-CO3-03) and by Project SEAMET: “Bioavailability of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems affected by diffuse pollution” (CICYT, REN 2003-09361-CO3-02, Spain Government). This is the CEIMAR journal publication 15.

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  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Avda. República Saharaui S/N Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain

    M. Oliva

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, CEIMAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain

    J. J. Vicente-Martorell & M. D. Galindo-Riaño

  3. Department of Environmental Technologies, CACYTMAR, Andalusia Centre of Marine Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, CEIMAR, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain

    J. A. Perales

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Oliva, M., Vicente-Martorell, J.J., Galindo-Riaño, M.D. et al. Histopathological alterations in Senegal sole, Solea Senegalensis, from a polluted Huelva estuary (SW, Spain). Fish Physiol Biochem 39, 523–545 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-012-9717-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-012-9717-y

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