Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of seedling cold tolerance in rice cultivars: a comparison of visual ratings and quantitative indicators of physiological changes

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is sensitive to prolonged exposure to low temperature, which at the seedling stage can result in significant chilling injury and mortality. The objective of this study was to quantify physiological and biochemical changes in rice seedlings undergoing chilling stress and compare those changes with visual evaluation of tolerance. Seedlings from the cultivars M-202 (tolerant) and IR50 (sensitive) were subjected to 9°C for 14 days in a controlled environment chamber. Leaf tissues were harvested at various time points for determination of electrolyte leakage, proline, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione. Significant differences between M-202 and IR50 were detected in electrolyte leakage, proline, and ascorbic acid starting at 7 days with IR50 exhibiting higher levels of these indicators. Most IR50 seedlings were dead at 14 days. A set of fifty rice accessions including M-202 and IR50 was evaluated at 10 days of cold treatment to examine the correlation of visual ratings with the physiological indices. Visual ratings were most highly correlated with electrolyte leakage and least correlated with proline content. Based on visual ratings and the physiological indices, we identified several cultivars that outperformed M-202 in cold tolerance while IR50 had the lowest tolerance of the cultivars tested.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andaya VC, Mackill DJ (2003a) Mapping of QTLs associated with cold tolerance during the vegetative stage in rice. J Exp Bot 54:2579–2585

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andaya VC, Mackill DJ (2003b) QTLs conferring cold tolerance at the booting stage of rice using recombinant inbred lines from a japonica×indica cross. Theor Appl Genet 106:1084–1090

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andaya VC, Tai TH (2006) Fine mapping of the qCTS12 locus, a major QTL for seedling cold tolerance in rice. Theor Appl Genet 113:467–475

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andaya VC, Tai TH (2007) Fine mapping of the qCTS4 locus associated with seedling cold tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Breed 20:349–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baruah AR, Ishigo-Oka N, Adachi M, Oguma Y, Tokizono Y, Onishi K, Sano Y (2009) Cold tolerance at the early growth stage in wild and cultivated rice. Euphytica 165:459–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertin P, Kinet JM, Bouharmont J (1996) Evaluation of chilling sensitivity in different rice varieties, Relationship between screening procedures applied during germination and vegetative growth. Euphytica 89:201–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blum A, Ebercon A (1981) Cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Sci 21:43–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujino K, Sekiguchi H, Sato T, Kiuchi H, Nonoue Y, Takeuchi Y, Ando T, Line SY, Yano M (2004) Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling low-temperature germinability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 108:794–799

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaszmann JC, Kaw RN, Khush GS (1990) Genetic divergence among cold tolerant rices (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica 45:95–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffith OW (1980) Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using glutathione reductase and 2-vinylpyridine. Anal Biochem 106:201–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Z, Tan H, Zhu Z, Lu S, Zhou B (2005) Effect of intermediates on ascorbic acid and oxalate biosynthesis of rice and in relation to stress resistance. Plant Physiol Biochem 43:955–962

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Z, Ou W, Lu S, Zhong Q (2006) Differential responses of antioxidative system to chilling and drought in four rice cultivars differing in sensitivity. Plant Physiol Biochem 44:828–836

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han L, Qiao Y, Cao G, Zhang Y, An Y, Ye J, Koh H (2004) QTLs analysis of cold tolerance during early growth period for rice. Rice Sci 11:245–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges DM, DeLong JM, Forney CF, Prange RK (1999) Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds. Planta 207:604–611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang M, Guo Z (2005) Responses of antioxidative system to chilling stress in two rice cultivars differing in sensitivity. Biologia Plantarum 49:81–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang L, Xun M, Wang J, Wan J (2008) QTL analysis of cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using recombinant inbred lines. J Cereal Sci 48:173–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneda C, Beachell HM (1974) Response of indica–japonica rice hybrids to low temperatures. SABRAO J 6:17–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwak TS, Vergara BS, Nanda JS, Coffman WR (1984) Inheritance of seedling cold tolerance in rice. SABRAO J 16:83–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee TM (2007) Polyamine regulation of growth and chilling tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots cultured in vitro. Plant Sci 122:111–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee T, Lur H, Chu C (1993) Role of abscisic acid in chilling tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. I. Endogenous abscisic acid levels. Plant Cell Environ 16:481–490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee TM, Lur HS, Chu C (1995) Abscisic acid and putrescine accumulation in chilling-tolerant rice cultivars. Crop Sci 35:502–508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Cao K, Wang C, Sun Z, Yan L (2010) Variation of photosynthetic tolerance of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) to chilling temperature in the light. Afr J Biotechnol 9:1325–1337

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lou Q, Chen L, Sun Z, Xing Y, Li J, Xu X, Mei H, Luo L (2007) A major QTL associated with cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica 158:87–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackill DJ, Lei X (1997) Genetic variation for traits related to temperate adaptation of rice cultivars. Crop Sci 37:1340–1346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morsy MR, Almutairi AM, Gibbons YunSJ, de los Reyes BG (2005) The OsLti6 genes encoding low-molecular-weight membrane proteins are differentially expressed in rice cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to low temperature. Gene 344:171–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morsy MR, Jouve L, Hausman J, Hoffman L, McD. Stewart J (2007) Alteration of oxidative and carbohydrate metabolism under abiotic stress in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes contrasting in chilling tolerance. J Plant Physiol 164:157–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagamine T (1991) Genic control of tolerance to chilling injury at seedling stage in rice, Oryza sativa L. Japan J Breed 41:35–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RI IR (1988) Standard evaluation system for rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines

    Google Scholar 

  • Takesawa T, Ito M, Kanzaki H, Kameya N, Nakamura I (2002) Over-expression of glutathione S-transferase in transgenic rice enhances germination and growth at low temperature. Mol Breeding 9:93–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu JL, Lafitte HR, Gao YM, Fu BY, Torres R, Li ZK (2005) QTLs for drought escape and tolerance identified in a set of random introgression lines of rice. Theor Appl Genet 111:1642–1650

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Su L, Li W, Chen W, Zhu Y (2005) A major QTL conferring cold tolerance at the early seedling stage using recombinant inbred lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Sci 168:527–534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The work was supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 5306-21000-017-00D. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical support of P. Colowit, E. Easlon, H. Mak, and C. Takachi. Thanks to K. McKenzie and V. Andaya for comments on improving this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Plant Sciences—Mail Stop 1, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Sang-Ic Kim & Thomas H. Tai

Authors
  1. Sang-Ic Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Thomas H. Tai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas H. Tai.

Additional information

Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kim, SI., Tai, T.H. Evaluation of seedling cold tolerance in rice cultivars: a comparison of visual ratings and quantitative indicators of physiological changes. Euphytica 178, 437–447 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0343-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0343-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation