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Multiscale assessment of progress of electrification in Indonesia based on brightness level derived from nighttime satellite imagery

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Abstract

Availability of electricity can be used as an indicator to proximate parameters related to human well-being. Overall, the electrification process in Indonesia has been accelerating in the past two decades. Unfortunately, monitoring the country’s progress on its effort to provide wider access to electricity poses challenges due to inconsistency of data provided by each national bureau, and limited availability of information. This study attempts to provide a reliable measure by employing nighttime satellite imagery to observe and to map the progress of electrification within a duration of 20 years, from 1993 to 2013. Brightness of 67,021 settlement-size points in 1993, 2003, and 2013 was assessed using data from DMSP/OLS instruments to study the electrification progress in the three service regions (Sumatera, Java-Bali, and East Indonesia) of the country’s public electricity company, PLN. Observation of all service areas shows that the increase in brightness, which correspond with higher electricity development and consumption, has positive correlation with both population density (R2 = 0.70) and urban change (R2 = 0.79). Moreover, urban change has a stronger correlation with brightness, which is probably due to the high energy consumption in urban area per capita. This study also found that the brightness in Java-Bali region is very dominant, while the brightness in other areas has been lagging during the period of analysis. The slow development of electricity infrastructure, particularly in major parts of East Indonesia region, affects the low economic growth in some areas and formed vicious cycle.

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Acknowledgements

FR and PS acknowledge Alidrisi Sorai Ramdani for sparing his free time on this research. The experimental and computational facilities of Geoinformatics Research Center, Faculty of Computer Science, Brawijaya University have been used; their support to this research is greatly acknowledged by the authors. Authors also acknowledge anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions to improve the quality of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fatwa Ramdani.

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Ramdani, F., Setiani, P. Multiscale assessment of progress of electrification in Indonesia based on brightness level derived from nighttime satellite imagery. Environ Monit Assess 189, 249 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5949-8

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