Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality attributed to ground-level ozone in Ahvaz, Iran

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ahvaz, the capital city of Khuzestan Province, which produces Iran’s most oil, is on the rolls of fame in view of air pollution. It has also suffered from dust storm during the recent two decades. So, emissions from transportation systems, steel, oil, black carbon, and other industries as anthropogenic sources and dust storm as a new phenomenon are two major concerns of air pollution in Ahvaz. Without any doubt, they can cause many serious problems for the environment and humans in this megacity. The main objective of the present study was to estimate the impact of ground-level ozone (GLO) as a secondary pollutant on human heath. Data of GLO in four monitoring stations were collected at the first step and they were processed and at the final step they were inserted to a health effect model. Findings showed that cumulative cases of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths which attributed to GLO were 43 and 173 persons, respectively. Corresponding RR for these two events were 1.008 (95 % CI) and 1.004 (95 % CI), respectively. Although we did not provide a distinction between winter and summer in case of mentioned mortalities attributed to GLO, ozone concentrations in winter due to more fuel consumption and sub adiabatic condition in tropospheric atmospherewere higher than those GLO in summer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bell, M. L., & Dominici, F. (2008). Effect modification by community characteristics on the short-term effects of ozone exposure and mortality in 98 US communities. American Journal of Epidemiology, 167(8), 986–997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, M. L., McDermott, A., Zeger, S. L., Samet, J. M., & Dominici, F. (2004). Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987–2000. JAMA, 292(19), 2372–2378.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, C. P., Goodman, J. E., Sax, S. N., & Loftus, C. T. (2015). Providing perspective for interpreting cardiovascular mortality risks associated with ozone exposures. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 72(1), 107–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C.-H., Chan, C.-C., Chen, B.-Y., Cheng, T.-J., & Guo, Y. L. (2015). Effects of particulate air pollution and ozone on lung function in non-asthmatic children. Environmental Research, 137, 40–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desqueyroux, H., Pujet, J.-C., Prosper, M., Squinazi, F., & Momas, I. (2002). Short-term effects of low-level air pollution on respiratory health of adults suffering from moderate to severe asthma. Environmental Research, 89(1), 29–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Nardo, F., & Laurenti, P. (2015). Respiratory diseases and health disorders related to indoor and outdoor air pollution. In A Systematic Review of Key Issues in Public Health (pp. 109–127). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • EPA, U. S. (2013). Integrated science assessment of ozone and related photochemical oxidants. In E. R. DC (Ed.)

  • Frampton, M. W., Pietropaoli, A., Dentler, M., Chalupa, D., Little, E. L., Stewart, J., Frasier, L., Oakes, D., Wittshire, J., Vora, R., & Utell, M. J. (2015). Cardiovascular effects of ozone in healthy subjects with and without deletion of glutathione-S-transferase M1. Inhalation Toxicology, 27(2), 113–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, B. A., Brook, R., & Pope, C. A. (2015). Air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Current Problems in Cardiology

  • Frischer, T. M., Kuehr, J., Pullwitt, A., Meinert, R., Forster, J., Studnicka, M., & Koren, H. (1993). Ambient ozone causes upper airways inflammation in children. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 148, 961.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gent, J. F., Triche, E. W., Holford, T. R., Belanger, K., Bracken, M. B., Beckett, W. S., & Leaderer, B. P. (2003). Association of low-level ozone and fine particles with respiratory symptoms in children with asthma. JAMA, 290(14), 1859–1867.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geravandi, S., Mohammadi, M., Goudarzi, G., A. A. K., Neisi, A., & Zalaghi, E. (2014). Health effects of exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) in Ahvaz. Journal of JQUMS, 18(5), 45–53.

  • Geravandi, S., Neisi, A., Goudarzi, G., Vousoghi Niri, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2015). Estimation of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths related to ozone exposure in Ahvaz, during 2011. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 13(11), 1073–1082.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goudarzi, G., Geravandi, S., Salmanzadeh, S., Mohammadi, M. Javad, & Zallaghi, E. (2014a). The number of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death cases associated with sulfur dioxide exposure in Ahvaz, Iran. Archives of Hygiene Sciences, 3(3), 112–119.

  • Goudarzi, G., Geravandi, S., Vosoughi, M., Mohammadi, M. J., & Taghavirad, S. s. (2014b). Cardiovascular deaths related to carbon monoxide exposure in Ahvaz, Iran. Iranian Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 1(3), 126–131.

  • Goudarzi, G., Shirmardi, M., Khodarahmi, F., Hashemi-Shahraki, A., Alavi, N., Ankali, K. A., Babaei, A. A., Soleimani, Z., & Marzouni, M. B. (2014c). Particulate matter and bacteria characteristics of the Middle East dust (MED) storms over Ahvaz. Iran. Aerobiologia, 1–12.

  • Goudarzi, G., Geravandi, S., Mohammadi, M. J., Salmanzadeh, S., Vosoughi, M., & Sahebalzamani, M. (2015). The relationship between air pollution exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ahvaz, Iran. Chronic Diseases Journal, 3(1), 14–20.

  • Goudarzi, G., Zallaghi, E., Neissi, A., Ankali, K. A., Saki, A., Babaei, A. A., Alavi, N., & Mohammadi, J. M. (2013). Cardiopulmonary mortalities and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attributed to ozone air pollution. Archives of Hygiene Sciences, 2(2), 62–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gryparis, A., Forsberg, B., Katsouyanni, K., Analitis, A., Touloumi, G., Schwartz, J., Samoli, E., Medina, S., Anderson, H. R., Niciu, E. M., Wichmann, H.-E., Kriz, B., Kosnik, M., Skorkovsky, J., Vonk, J. M., & Dörtbudak, Z. (2004). Acute effects of ozone on mortality from the “air pollution and health: a European approach” project. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 170(10), 1080–1087.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jane, C., & Fanny, W. (2015). Air pollution: its impact on adult patients with respiratory conditions. The Cover Shot, 20(1), 12.

  • Kampa, M., & Castanas, E. (2008). Human health effects of air pollution. Environmental Pollution, 151(2), 362–367.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kariisa, M., Foraker, R., Pennell, M., Buckley, T., Diaz, P., Criner, G. J., & Wilkins III, J. R. (2015). Short-and long-term effects of ambient ozone and fine particulate matter on the respiratory health of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 70(1), 56–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katsouyanni, K., Samet, J. M., Anderson, H., Atkinson, R., Le Tertre, A., Medina, S., Samoli, E., Touloumi, G., Burnett, R. T., Krewski, D., Ramsay, T., Dominici, F., Peng, R. D., Schwartz, J., & Zanobetti, A. (2009). Air pollution and health: a European and North American approach (APHENA). Research Report. Health Effects Institute, 142, 5–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lave, L. B., & Seskin, E. P. (2013). Air pollution and human health. London:Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, T., Yan, M., Ma, W., Ban, J., Liu, T., Lin, H., & Lui, Z. (2015). Short-term effects of multiple ozone metrics on daily mortality in a megacity of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-9.

  • Lippmann, M. (1989). Health effects of ozone a critical review. JAPCA, 39(5), 672–695.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., Lauby-Secretan, B., Ghissassi, F. E., Bouvard, V., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Guha, N., Baan, R., Mattock, H., & Straif, K. (2013). The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution. The Lancet Oncology, 14(13), 1262–1263.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClellan, R. O., Frampton, M. W., Koutrakis, P., McDonnell, W. F., Moolgavkar, S., North, D. W., Smith, A. E., Smith, R. L., & Utell, M. J. (2009). Critical considerations in evaluating scientific evidence of health effects of ambient ozone: a conference report. Inhalation Toxicology, 21(S2), 1–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, R., Berhane, K., Gilliland, F., London, S. J., Islam, T., Gauderman, W. J., Avol, E., Margolis, H. G., & Peters, J. M. (2002). Asthma in exercising children exposed to ozone: a cohort study. The Lancet, 359(9304), 386–391.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi, M. J., Godini, H., Khak, M. T., Daryanoosh, S. M., Dobaradaran, S., & Goudarzi, G. (2015). An association between air quality and COPD in Ahvaz, Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care, 4(1): e26621.

  • Mraihi, R., Harizi, R., Mraihi, T., & Bouzidi, M. T. (2015). Urban air pollution and urban daily mobility in large Tunisia’ s cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 43, 315–320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norval, M., Lucas, R., Cullen, A., De Gruijl, F., Longstreth, J., Takizawa, Y., & van der Leun, J. C. (2011). The human health effects of ozone depletion and interactions with climate change. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 10(2), 199–225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PAGE, J. P. (2003). Health effects of ozone. JAMA, 290(14)

  • Peng, R. D., Butz, A. M., Hackstadt, A. J., Williams, D., Diette, G. B., Breysse, P. N., & Matsui, E. C. (2015). Estimating the health benefit of reducing indoor air pollution in a randomized environmental intervention. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 178(2), 425–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peters, A., Skorkovsky, J., Kotesovec, F., Brynda, J., Spix, C., Wichmann, H. E., & Heinrich, J. (2000). Associations between mortality and air pollution in central Europe. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(4), 283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pope, C. A., Burnett, R. T., Turner, M. C., Cohen, A., Krewski, D., Jerrett, M., Gapstur, S. M., & Thun, M. J. (2002). Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality associated with ambient air pollution and cigarette smoke: shape of the exposure-response relationships. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(11), 1616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pride, K. R., Peel, J. L., Robinson, B. F., Busacker, A., Grandpre, J., Bisgard, K. M., Yiph, F. Y., & Murphyi, T. D. (2015a). Association of short-term exposure to ground-level ozone and respiratory outpatient clinic visits in a rural location—Sublette County, Wyoming, 2008–2011. Environmental Research, 137, 1–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Andersen, Z. J., Beelen, R., Samoli, E., Stafoggia, M., Weinmayr, G., Hoffmann, B., Fischer, P., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Brunekreef, B., Xun, W. W., Katsouyanni, K., Dimakopoulou, K., Sommar, J., Forsberg, B., Modig, L., Oudin, A., Oftedal, B., Schwarze, P. E., Nafstad, P., & De Faire, U. (2013). Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). The Lancet Oncology, 14(9), 813–822.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rad, H. D., Babaei, A. A., Goudarzi, G., Angali, K. A., Ramezani, Z., & Mohammadi, M. M. (2014). Levels and sources of BTEX in ambient air of Ahvaz metropolitan city. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 7(4), 515–524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren, C., Melly, S., & Schwartz, J. (2010). Modifiers of short-term effects of ozone on mortality in eastern Massachusetts—a case-crossover analysis at individual level. Environmental Health, 9(3), 10.1186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samoli, E., Zanobetti, A., Schwartz, J., Atkinson, R., LeTertre, A., Schindler, C., Pérez, L., Cadum, E., Pekkanen, J., Paldy, A., Touloumi, G., & Katsouyanni, K. (2009). The temporal pattern of mortality responses to ambient ozone in the APHEA project. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63(12), 960–966.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlink, U., Herbarth, O., Richter, M., Dorling, S., Nunnari, G., Cawley, G., & Pelikan, E. (2006). Statistical models to assess the health effects and to forecast ground-level ozone. Environmental Modelling & Software, 21(4), 547–558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, A. S., Lee, K. K., McAllister, D. A., Hunter, A., Nair, H., Whiteley, W., Langrish, J. P., Newby, D. E., & Mills, N. L. (2015). Short term exposure to air pollution and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 350, h1295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheffield, P. E., Zhou, J., Shmool, J. L. C., & Clougherty, J. E. (2015). Ambient ozone exposure and children’s acute asthma in New York City: a case-crossover analysis. Environmental Health, 14(1), 25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sousounis, P. J., Scott, C. P., & Wilson, M. L. (2002). Possible climate change impacts on ozone in the Great Lakes region: some implications for respiratory illness. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 28(4), 626–642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trasande, L., & Thurston, G. D. (2005). The role of air pollution in asthma and other pediatric morbidities. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 115(4), 689–699.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, N., Guo, H., Jiang, F., Ling, Z., & Wang, T. (2015). Simulation of ozone formation at different elevations in mountainous area of Hong Kong using WRF-CMAQ model. Science of the Total Environment, 505, 939–951.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2014). Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health. In U. M. 2014 (Ed.), Fact sheet N°313. WHO Media Centre

  • Woerman, A. L. (2013). Air pollution & cardiovascular disease. Washington, DC:The George Washington University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, T., Tam, W., Yu, T., & Wong, A. (2002). Associations between daily mortalities from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and air pollution in Hong Kong, China. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(1), 30–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, C., Yang, H., Guo, S., Wang, Z., Xu, X., Duan, X., & Kan, H. (2012). Alternative ozone metrics and daily mortality in Suzhou: the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study (CAPES). Science of the Total Environment, 426, 83–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zallaghi, E., Goudarzi, G., Geravandi, S., Mohammadi, M., Vosoughi Niri, M., & Vesyi, E. (2014a). Estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases due to particulate air pollutants in Tabriz air. Scientfic Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 22(1), 84–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zallaghi, E., Goudarzi, G., Geravandi, S., & Javad, M. (2014b). Epidemiological indexes attributed to particulates with less than 10 micrometers in the air of Ahvaz City during 2010 to 2013.Health Scope, 3(4),e22276.

  • Zallaghi, E., Goudarzi, G., Nourzadeh Haddad, M., Moosavian, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2014c). Assessing the effects of nitrogen dioxide in urban air on health of west and southwest cities of Iran. Jundishapur J Health Sci, 6(4), e23469.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Gholamreza Goudarzi, Ali Akbar Babaei & Nadali Alavi

  2. Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Sahar Geravandi

  3. Razi Hospital Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Sahar Geravandi, Shokrollah Salmanzadeh & Mohammad Javad Mohammadi

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy and Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Hossein Foruozandeh & Mohammad Javad Khodayar

  5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mehdi Vosoughi Niri & Mohammad Javad Mohammadi

  6. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Shokrollah Salmanzadeh

Authors
  1. Gholamreza Goudarzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sahar Geravandi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hossein Foruozandeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ali Akbar Babaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nadali Alavi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mehdi Vosoughi Niri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Mohammad Javad Khodayar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Shokrollah Salmanzadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Javad Mohammadi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Goudarzi, G., Geravandi, S., Foruozandeh, H. et al. Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality attributed to ground-level ozone in Ahvaz, Iran. Environ Monit Assess 187, 487 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4674-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4674-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation