Abstract
Degradation of reservoir fish habitat has become a serious concern. Habitat issues—such as sedimentation, excessive nutrient loadings, and lack of submerged structure—may emerge and worsen over time and are accompanied by undesirable shifts in the fish community and fisheries. To prioritize habitat rehabilitation efforts in reservoirs, we developed a classification system for large reservoirs in the contiguous U.S. We used a four-step classification approach based on over 50 variables descriptive of habitat impairment in a sample of almost 1300 reservoirs. To account for the broad geographic heterogeneity in climate and landscape, reservoirs were assigned to a spatial framework relevant to aquatic resources, selected based on how well it recognized regional differences in fish habitat. To account for differences among reservoirs within geographical regions, we used cluster analysis to identify classes of reservoirs with similar characteristics. Classes were compared regarding habitat impairment, the fish community, the recreational fishery, and other variables from an external dataset to seek support for the classification system. A method for classifying new reservoirs not included in the original sample was also developed. The resulting classification system identified nine geographical regions distributed throughout the contiguous U.S. and 24 reservoir classes within the nine regions. The system can serve as the framework for a reservoir assessment mechanism. Our approach may be applicable elsewhere a broad-scale dataset is not available and needs to be obtained quickly and inexpensively, whether in regards to fish habitat or other environmental information needs.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the Reservoir Fish Habitat Partnership, the USGS Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Mississippi State University Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, and the USFWS Student Career Experience Program for their support of this project. We also thank J. Boxrucker and Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Fisheries Division biologists for their helpful assistance with the pilot survey, as well as the many reservoir managers nationwide who provided data for this study. K. Hunt and J. Boxrucker provided useful comments that improved previous versions of this manuscript, and four anonymous reviewers provided helpful revisions and comments. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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Krogman, R.M., Miranda, L.E. A classification system for large reservoirs of the contiguous United States. Environ Monit Assess 187, 174 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4244-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4244-1