Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Bibliography of Environmental Studies in Natural Characteristics and Anthropogenic Influences on the Ganga River

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During the second half of the 20th century, the Ganga River ecosystem has been continuously altered by several ongoing anthropogenic processes, accommodating multi-dimensional pressure due to increase of nearly four-fold human population. For solution of any environmental issues of the river, the Earth System Science approach is required to have maximum socio-economic benefits to millions of people living in Indian and Bangladesh. A bibliography containing more than 250 references on environmental studies of the Ganga River was prepared to preserve its ecosystem by providing the baseline support in this regard.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Bibliography

  • Abbas, N., & Subramanian, V. (1984). Erosion and sediment transport in the Ganges River Basin, India. Journal of Hydrology, 69, 173–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acharyya, S. K. (2005). Arsenic levels in groundwater from Quaternary alluvium in Ganga Plain and the Bengal Basin, Indian subcontinent: Insights into influence of stratigraphy. Gondwana Research, 8, 55–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acharyya, S. K., Chakroborty, P., Lahiri, S., Raymahashay, B. C., Guha, S., & Bhowmik, A. (1999). Arsenic poisoning in the Ganges Delta. Nature, 401, 545.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adel, M. M. (2001). Effects on water resources from upstream water diversion in the Ganges Basin. Journal of Environmental Quality, 30, 356–368.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, D. K., Gaur, S. D., Tiwari, I. C., Narayanswami, N., & Marwah, S. M. (1976). Ind. J. Environ. Health Physico-chemical characterstics of Ganges water at Varanasi, India. Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 18, 201–206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agnihotri, N. P., Gajbhiye, V. T., Kumar, M., & Mohapatra, S. P. (1994). Organochlorine pesticide residues in the Ganges River Water near Farrukhabad, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 30, 105–112.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agnihotri, N. P., Kulshrestha, G., Gajbhiye, V. T., Mahapatra, S. P., & Singh, S. B. (1996). Organochlorine pesticide residues in the Ganges River. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 40, 279–288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, S., Ajmal, M., & Nomani, A. A. (1996). Organochlorines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of Ganges River, India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 57, 794–802.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, S., & Hussain, S. I. (2001). Snow and stream-water chemistry of the Ganga Head water Basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 46, 103–111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ajmal, M., Khan, M. A., & Nomani, A. A. (1987). Monitoring of heavy metals in the water and sediments of the Ganga River, India. Water Science and Technology, 19, 107–117.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ajmal, M., Nomani, A. A., & Khan, M. A. (1983). Pollution in the Ganges River, India. Water Science and Technology, 16, 347–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alley, K. D. (1994). Ganga and Gandagi: Interpretation of pollution and waste in Benaras. Ethnology, 33, 127–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alley, K. D. (2002). On the Banks of the Ganga: When wastewater meets a sacred river. University of Michigan Press, pp. 312.

  • Anand, P., & Agarwal, P. (2000). Impact of action plan schemes and Barrage Project on river Ganga in Kanpur. B. Tech. Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur.

  • Ansari, A. A., Singh, I. B., & Tobschall, H. J. (1998). Organotin compounds in surface and pore waters of Ganga Plain in the Kanpur–Unnao industrial region, India. Science of the Total Environment, 223, 157–166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari, A. A., Singh, I. B., & Tobschall, H. J. (1999). Status of anthropogenically induced metal pollution in Kanpur–Unnao industrial region of the Ganga Plain, India. Environmental Geology, 38, 25–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari, A. A., Singh, I. B., & Tobschall, H. J. (2000). Role of monsoon rain on concentrations and dispersion patterns of metal pollutants in sediments and soils of the Ganga Plain, India. Environmental Geology, 39, 221–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asthana, B. N., Lal, J. R., & Sharma, J. K. (1999). Barrage on Ganga at Kanpur. Water and Energy International, 56, 31–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baghel, V. S., Gopal, K., Dwivedi, S., & Tripathi, R. D. (2005). Bacterial indicators of faecal contamination of the Gangetic river system right at its source. Ecological Indicators, 5, 49–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balakrishna, K., Shankar, R., Sarin, M. M., & Manjunatha, B. R. (2001). Distribution of U–Th nuclides in the riverine and coastal environmental of the tropical southwest coast of India. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 57, 21–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, B. N. (1989). Can the Ganga be cleaned? (pp. 197). New Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barua, D. K., Kushel, S. A., Miller, R. L., & Moore, W. S. (1994). Suspended sediment distribution and residual transport in the coastal ocean off the Ganges–Brahmaputra River mouth. Marine Geology, 120, 41–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, A. K., Ghosh, B. N., & Pal, R. N. (1970). Comparison of polluted Hooghly estuary with the unpolluted Maltah estuary, India. Journal of Water Pollution Research, 42, 1771–1781.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, M., & Mitra, A. K. (2002). Studies on the pollution of river Damodar at Burdwan with special reference to metals, COD, and pH. Nature, Environmental Pollution Technology, 1, 397–399.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhanumati, R., Sabeena, F., Isac, S. R., Shukla, B. N., & Singh, D. V. (2003). Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal isolated from water and the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes in the River Ganga, Varanasi, India. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 2389–2394.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava, D. S. (1977). Water quality in three typical rivers in U. P.–Ganga, Yamuna and Kali. PhD Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur.

  • Bhargava, D. S. (1983). Use of a water quality index for river classification and zoning of the Ganga river. Environmental Pollution (Series B), 6, 51–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava, D. S. (1987). Nature and the Ganga. Environmental Conservation, 14, 307–318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava, D. S. (1992). Why the Ganga (Ganges) could not be cleaned. Environmental Conservation, 19, 170–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhargava, D. S. (1997). Water quality of the River Ganga at Varanasi. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, India, 78, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt, K. P., & Saklani, S. (1996). Hydrogeochemistry of the upper Ganges River, India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 48, 171–182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya, B., & Sarkar, S. (1996). Total mercury content in marine organism of the Hooghly estuary, West Bengal. Chemosphere, 33, 147–158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya, B., Sarkar, S., & Maji, P. K. (1994). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in flora and fauna of Hooghly estuary, east coast of India. Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, 42, 123–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattachrya, B., Sarkar, S. K., & Mukherjee, N. (2003). Organochlorine pesticide residue in sediments of a tropical mangrove estuary. Environment International, 29, 587–592.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhowmick, B. N., & Singh A. K. (1985). Phytoplankton population in relation to physico-chemical factors of river Ganga at Patna. Indian Journal of Ecology, 13, 138–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgrami, K. S. (1991a). Biological profile of the Ganga zooplankton fish, birds, and other micro fauna. In C. R. Krishnamurti, K. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga Scientific Study (pp. 81–94). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgrami, K. S. (1991b). Biological profile of the Ganga: Bacteria and Bacteriophages. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 72–77). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgrami, K. S. (1991c). Biological profile of the Ganga: Fungi. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 67–71). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgrami, K. S. (1991d). Biomonitoring of water quality of the Ganga. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 101–106). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgrami, K. S. (1991e). Macrophytic, Marginal and Riparian vegetation of the Ganga. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 107–116). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgrami, K. S. (1991f). Possible food-chain operative in the Ganga. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 95–98). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgrami, K. S., & Datta Munshi, J. S. (1985). Ecology of river Ganga, Impacts of Human activities and conservation of aquatic biota (Patna to Farakka). Final Technical report of MAB Project, Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur.

  • Bilgrami, K. S., Dattamunshi, J. S., Siddiqui, E. N., & Singh, N. K. (1979). Primary productivity of phytoplankton of the river Ganges. Biological Bulletin, 1, 39–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgrami, K. S., & Dutta Munshi, J. S. (1979). Limnology survey and impact of human activities on the river Ganga (Barauni to Farakka). Bhagalpur: Allied.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilgrami, K. S., & Kumar, S. (1998). Bacterial contamination in water of the River Ganga and its risk to human health. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 8, 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biswas, B. K., & Konar, S. K. (2000). Impact of waste disposal on plankton abundance and diversity in the River Ganga at Hathidah, Bihar. Pollution Research, 19, 633–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, J., Falkner, K. K., Brown, E. T., & Moore, W. S. (1993). The role of the Ganges–Brahmaputra mixing zone. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 4987–4995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Central Pollution Control Board (1991). Status and trend of water quality of river Ganga (1985–1989). Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources Series (MINARS), Delhi.

  • Chakraborthy, D., Biswas, B. K., & Konar, S. K. (1999). Habitat degradation and related invertebrate macrobenthic population dynamics in the river Ganga. Environment and Ecology, 17, 149–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakrapani, G. J. (2005). Major and trace element geochemistry in upper Ganga River in the Himalayas, India. Environmental Geology, 48, 189–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrapani, G. J., Gaillardet, J., Dupre, B., & Allegre, C. J. (2002). Osmium isotopic compositions in Ganga river sediments. Current Science, 83, 1253–1255.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaphekar, S. B., & Mhatre, G. N. (1986). Human Impact on Ganga river ecosystem: An assessment. New Delhi: Concept.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chattopadhya, M., & Lahiri, S. C. (1996). Studies on the metals concentrations of bottom sediments of the River Ganga. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 73, 592–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chattopadhya, M., Mukherjee D., Bhattachraya, S. K., & Lahiri, S. C. (1995). Studies on soil parameters of sediments from the river Ganga phosphorous mobilization, interactions with sediment and the phosphorous cycle. Environmentalist, 15, 211–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chattopadhya, S. N., Routh, T., & Sharma, V. P. (1984). A short-term study on the pollutional status of River Ganga in Kanpur region. Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 26, 244–257.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chattopadhya, D. N., Saha, M. K., & Konar, S. K. (1987). Some bio-ecological studies of the river Ganga in relation to water pollution. Environment and Ecology, 15, 494–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaturvedi, S. K., Kumar, D., & Singh, R. V. (2003). Study on some physico-chemical characteristics of flowing water of Ganges River at Hardwar. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 7, 78–79.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhaury, R. (2001). Factor analysis in interpretation of Ganga river water quality. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 21, 403–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhuri, M., & Dutta, A. (1980). Mercury levels in Ganga water and sediments near Kanpur. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, India, 48, 61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhury, U. K., & Ojha, C. S. P. (1985). Environmental impact of the river Ganga at Varanasi. Proceedings of the Environmental Impact Assessment of Water Resources Project (pp. 760–771). India: University of Roorkee.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chopra, A. K., & Patrick, N. J. (2000). Effects of domestic sewage of self-purification of Ganga water at Rishikesh II microbiological parameters. Environmental Issues and Management, 6, 81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury, T. R., Basu, G. K., Mandal, B. K., Biswas, B. K., Samanta, G., Chowdhury, U. K., et al. (1999). Arsenic poisoning in the Ganges delta. Nature, 401, 545–546.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalai, T. K., Krishnaswami, S., & Sarin, M. M. (2002a). Major ion chemistry in the headwaters of the Yamuna river system: Chemical weathering, its temperature dependence and CO2 consumption in the Himalaya. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 3397–3416.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalai, T. K., Singh, S. K., Trivedi, J. R., & Krishnaswami, S. (2002b). Dissolved rhenium in the Yamuna river (India) system and the Ganga in the Himalaya: Role of black shale weathering on the budgets of Re, Os, and U in rivers and CO2 in the atmosphere. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 29–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das, T. M. (1991). Environmental awareness of problems related to the Ganga. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 205–206). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Das, A. K. (2002). Limno-chemistry and productivity of upper Ganga complex. Pollution Research, 21, 157–168.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, S. P. (1984). Basin sub basin inventory of water pollution. The Ganga Basin, Part II. New Delhi, India: Central Board for Preventation and Control of Water Pollution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Datta, N. C. (1991). Assessment of pollution load on the Ganga in the stretch Bally to Bandel. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 147–155). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • De, T. K., Gosh, S. K., Jana, T. K., & Choudhury, A. (1991). Phytoplankton bloom in the Hoogly estuary, India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 20, 134–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutta, D. K., & Subramanian, V. (1998). Distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Ganges–Bramaputra–Meghna river system in the Bengal basin. Environmental Geology, 36, 93–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi, A. (1991). Studies on sediments of river Ganga with reference to its pollution. PhD Thesis. University of Kanpur, Kanpur.

  • Dwivedi, S., & Tiwari, I. C. (1997). A study on heavy metals in the Ganga water at Varanasi. Pollution Research, 16, 265–270.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi, S., Tiwari, I. C., & Bhargava, D. S. (2000). Classification of water quality of River Ganga at Varanasi. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 20, 688–697.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gajbhiye, V. T., Kalra, N., Mohapatra, S. P., & Agnihotri, N. P. (1996). Non-point pollution of Ganga river with pesticides: A quantitative approach. Journal of Environmental Systems, 24, 95–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garg, N., Mathur, N., Modak, D. P., Singh, K. P., Murthy, R. C., Ahmed, S., et al. (1992). Trace metals trend analysis in river Ganges at Kanpur. Environment International, 18, 297–305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaur, R. K., Khan, A. A., Alam, A., & Alam, A. (2000). Bacteriological quality of River Ganga from Narora to Kannauj: A comparative study. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 20, 165–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghatak, D. B., & Konar, S. K. (1994). Field survey on the effect of population by various industrial effluents on Hooghly estuary at Haldia, West Bengal. Environment and Ecology, 12, 128–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopal, B. (2001). Holy Ganga and the Mighty Amazon. Amazoniana, 16, 337–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopal, B., & Zutshi, D. P. (2001). Aquatic ecosystem health: An Indian perspective.Verhandlungen-Internationale Vereinigung fuer Theoretische und Angewandate Limnologie, 27, 2336–2339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalkrishna, V., Ray, P., & Ghosh, B. B. (1973). Present status of pollution of the Hooghly estuary with the special reference to adverse effects observed on fisheries resources. Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Pollution. Nagpur 1–8.

  • Gosh, A. K. (1991). The Ganga: A profile and biological resources. In M. S. Jairajpuri (Ed.), Faunal resources of Ganga, part I (pp. 1–12). Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S. (2000). A novel approach for assessment of action plan schemes on water quality of river Ganga. M. Tech. Thesis. Environmental Engineering and Management Programme, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.

  • Gupta, A. K., & Raghubansi, A. K. (2002). Comparative study of enrichment of nutrients and heavy metals in river waters of Ghaghara and Ganga due to anthropogenic pressures. Pollution Research, 21, 261–263.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, K., & Sharma, A. (2005). Macroinvertebrates as indicators of pollution. Journal of Environmental Biology, 26, 205–211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guzzella, L., Roscioli, C., Vigano, L., Saha, M., Sarkar, S. K., & Bhattacharya, A. (2005). Evaluation of the concentration of HCH, DDT, HCB, PCB, and PAH in the sediments along the lower stretch of Hugli estuary. Environment International, 31, 523–534.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haldar, P., Raha, P., Bhattacharya, P., Choudhury, A., & Adityachaudhury, N. (1989). Studies on the residues of DDT and endosulfan occurring in Ganga water. Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 31, 156–161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halder, P., Kole, R. K., Bhattacharya, A., Chowdhary, A., & Adityachaudhury, N. (1990). Studies on the residues of BHC isomers (α, β, γ, and δ) occurring in Ganga water. Pollution Research, 9, 51–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamner, S., Tripathi, A., Misra, R. K., Bauskill, N., Broadway, S. C., Pyle, B. H., & Ford, T. E. (2006). The role of water use patterns and sewage pollution in incidence of water borne/enteric disease along the Ganges River in Varanasi, India. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 16, 113–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handa, B. K. (1972). Geochemistry of Ganges river water, India. Geohydrol, 8, 71–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hans, R. K., Farooq, M., Babu, G. S., Shrivastava, S. P., Joshi, P. C., & Viswanathan, P. N. (1999). Agricultural produce in dry bed of the river Ganga in Kanpur, India, a new source of pesticide contamination in human diets. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 37, 847–852.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, F. (1997). Remedial measures proposed to safeguard the Ganga water quality. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, India, 78, 5–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Islam, F. S., Gault, A. G., Boothman, C., Polya, D. A., Charnock, J. M., Chatterjee, D., & Lloyd, J. R. (2004). Role of metal reducing bacteria in arsenic releases from Bengal delta sediments. Nature, 430, 68–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ittekkot, V. (1988). Global trends in the nature of organic matter in river suspension. Nature, 332, 436–438.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ittekkot, V., Safiullah, S., Myeke, B., & Seifert, R. (1985). Seasonal variability and geochemical significance of organic matter in the River Ganges, Bangladesh. Nature, 317, 800–802.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jabber, S. M. A., Khan, Y. S. A., & Rahman, S. (2001). Levels of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Some Organs of the Ganges Perch, Lates calcarifer, from the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna Estuary, Bangladesh. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42, 1291–1296.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, C. K. (2000). Pollution status of river Ganga. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 20, 471–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain, C. K. (2001). Adsorption of zinc on to bed sediments of the River Ganga: Adsorption models and kinetics. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 46, 419–433.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, C. K. (2002). A hydro-chemical study of mountainous watershed: The Ganga, India. Water Research, 36, 1262–1274.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jayaraman, K. S. (1985a). Ganges pollution: Cleansing river due for cleaning. Nature, 315, 363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaraman, K. S. (1985b). Skull-trade ban. Nature, 317, 567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaraman, K. S. (1987). Indian health planners shun insecticides in disease control. Nature, 329, 572.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jayaraman, K. S. (1988). India modernizes crematoria. Nature, 331, 292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaraman, K. S. (1996). Ban tourists call to save glacier sources of the Ganges. Nature, 384, 602.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jena, B., Sudarshana, R., & Chaudhuary, S. B. (2003). Studies on water quality parameters around Sagar Island, Sunderbans. Nature, Environmental Pollution Technology, 2, 329–332.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jhingran, A. G. (1988). Aquatic pollution with the special reference to the Ganga river system. Comment—National Symposium on Environmental impacts on Animals and Aquaculture (pp. 6–19). Kalyani: Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jhingran, A. G. (1989). Impact of environmental perturbations on the fisheries ecology of river Ganga. Central Inland Capture Fish. Res. Inst. Barrackpore: Bulletin No. 26.

  • Jhingran, A. G., Ahmad, S. H., & Singh, A. K. (1989). Application of Shannon–Wiener index as a measure of pollution of river Ganga at Patna, Bihar, India. Current Science, 58, 717–720.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, H. C., & Gosh, B. B. (1982). Studies on the distribution of Organochlorine pesticides residues in Hooghly estuary. First Nat. Environ. Conference. ICAR, New Delhi, p. 27.

  • Joshi, H., & Mathur, R. P. (1991). Mathematical modeling of water quality. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 39–46). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, H., Shishodia, S. K., Kumar, S. N., Saikia, D. K., Nauriyal, B. P., Mathur, R. P., et al. (1995). Ecosystem studies on upper region of Ganga River, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 35, 181–206.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamal, K. P., Singh, S. P., Mujtaba, S. B., & Bhosle, A. S. (1998). Pollution profile of River Ganga. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 10, 287–290.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan, K., Senthilkumar, K., Sinha, R. K. (1997). Sources and accumulation of butyl tin compounds in Ganga River Dolphin, Platanista gangaetica. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 11, 223–230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan, K., Sinha, R. K., Tanabe, S., Ichihashi, H., & Tatsukawa, R. (1993). Heavy metals and organochlorine residues in Ganga River Dolphins from India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 26, 159–162.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan, K., Tanabe, S., Tatsukawa, R., & Sinha, R. K. (1994). Biodegradation capacity and residue pattern of organochlorines in Ganga river dolphins from India. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 42, 249–261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, T. A., & Abbasi, M. A. (2004). Effects of trace elements on human metabolism and their presence in the potable water of Ganga–Nim Groundwater basin, India. Water Resources, 31, 588–591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, A. A., Haque, N., Siddiqui, I. A., & Narayanan, K. (1994). A comparative study on water quality parameters in river Ganga between Narrora and Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, Physico-Chemical Characteristics. Journal of Freshwater Biology, 6, 295–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M. A., Panwar, R. S., Mathur, A., & Jetly, R. (1998). Studies on plankton communities and primary production in middle stretch of river Ganga in context of cultural eutrophication. Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India, 30, 47–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, D. R., & Chugh, T. (2004). Microbial Ecology: A study of river Ganga (pp. 277). New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khare, A., Verma, R. L., Hazela, K. P., & Pandey, G. N. (1979). An ecological study of river Ganga at Kanpur, I: Influence of pollutants on macro-organisms. Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Biology (pp. 383–395). India: The Academy of Environ. Biology.

  • Khwaja, A. R., Singh, R., & Tandon, S. N. (2001). Monitoring of Ganga Water and Sediments Vis-à-vis Tannery Pollution at Kanpur (India): A case study. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 68, 19–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, C. R. (1991a). Rivers and their environmental significance. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 10–18). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, C. R. (1991b). The Scientific Study of the Ganga Perspective. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 207–210). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, C. R., Bilgrami, T. S., Das, T. M., & Mathur, R. P. (1991). The Ganga: A Scientific Study. New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S. (1992). Heavy Metal pollution in Ganga River sediment U. P.: A preliminary report. In I. B. Singh (Ed.), Gangetic Plain: Terra Incognita (pp. 59–66). Lucknow: Geology Department, University of Lucknow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A. (1996). Impact of industrial pollution on the population status of endangered Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetica) in the River Ganga in Bihar, India. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 43, 469–476.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, R., Chatterjee, C., Kumar, S., Lohani, A. K., & Singh, R. D. (2003). Development of regional flood frequency relationships using L-moments for middle Ganga Plains subzone 1(f) of India. Water Resources Management, 17, 243–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A., Kesari, A. N., & Watal, G. (2004). Studies on the impact of the tributary river Yamuna on the physicochemical characteristics and organic production of river Ganga. Abstract, 227th ACS National Meeting, Anaheim, CA, United States, March 28–April 1, 2004.

  • Kumar, R., Sinha, A. K., & Singh, P. (2001). Sediment quality index (SQI) of the River Ganga between Shuklaganj (Unnao) and Phaphamau (Allahabad). Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 21, 992–997.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A., & Watal, G. (2004). Impact of man made environmental degradation on the chemical composition and organic production in river Ganga at Kanpur. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 7, 63–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumari, A., & Sinha, R. K. (2001). Concentration of Organochlorine pesticide residues in Ganga Water in Bihar, India. Environment and Ecology, 19, 351–356.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumari, A., Sinha, R. K., Gopal, K., & Lata, S. (2002). Concentration of Organochlorines in Ganga River dolphins from Patna, Bihar. Journal of Environmental Biology, 23, 279–281.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lahiri, S. C. (2002). Pollution of the River Ganga and the Ganga Action Plan: An evaluation. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 79, 366–370.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lakshminarayana, J. S. S. (1965). Studies of the Phytoplankton of the River Ganga, Varanasi, India; Part I: Physico-chemical characteristic of river Ganga. Hydrobiologia, 25, 119–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majumder, A., & Basu, G. (2004). Health impact of arsenic poisoning due to contamination in ground water sources and mitigation measures. Environment and Ecology, 22, 356–364.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malik, A., Qadri, S. A., Musarrat, J., & Ahmad, M. (1995). Studies on the water quality of River Ganga at Fatehgarh and Kannauj, U.P., India. Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality, 10, 91–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mallick, P., & Kudha-Baksh, A. R. (2003). Nuclear Anomalies and Blood Protein variations in Fish of the Hooghly–Matlah River System, India, as a indicator of Genotoxicology in water. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 70, 1071–1082.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manna, B., Dasgupta, M., & Ghosh, U. C. (2004). Crystalline hydrous titanium (IV) oxide (CHTO): An arsenic (III) scavenger from natural water. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology. AQUA, 53, 483–495.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markandya, A., & Murty, M. N. (2004). Cost benefit analysis of cleaning the Ganges: Some emerging environment and development issues. Environment and Development Economics, 9, 61–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur, R. P. (1991a). Sampling Stations for Water Quality Monitoring. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 21–26). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur, R. P. (1991b). Stretches of the Ganga covered in the study. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 19–20). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur, R. P. (1991c). Trends of physico-chemical characterstics of the Ganga water. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 27–38). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur, A., Sharma, Y. C., Ruapinwar, D. C., Murthy, R. C., & Chandra, S. (1987). A study of river Ganga at Varanasi with special emphasis on heavy metal pollution. Pollution Research, 6, 37–44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, J. M. (1999). Reply: Arsenic poisoning in the Ganges Delta. Nature, 401, 546–547.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehrotra, M. N., Singh, S. N., Srivastava, A., & Singh, K. M. (1991). Lead in bank sediments of Ganga and its role in water pollution. Bulletin—Indian Geologists’ Association, 24, 61–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra, B. P., & Tripathi, B. D. (1999). Energetics of dead body cremation on the bank of river Ganga at Varanasi: An environmental and economic approach. Pollution Research, 18, 95–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra, B. P., & Tripathi, B. D. (2000). Changes in algal community structure and primary productivity of the river Ganga as influenced by sewage discharge. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 6, 279–287.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra, B. P., & Tripathi, B. D. (2001). Impact of city sewage discharge on physico-chemical characteristics of Ganga water. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences, 3, 333–338.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Modak, D. P., Singh, K. P., Ahmed, S., & Ray, P. K. (1990). Trace Metals ions in Ganga water system. Chemosphere, 21, 275–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Modak, D. P., Singh, K. P., Chandra, H., & Ray, P. K. (1992). Mobile and bound forms of trace metals in sediments of the lower Ganges. Water Research, 26, 1541–1548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohapatra, S. P., Gajbhiye, V. T., Agnihotri, N. P., & Raina, M. (1995). Insecticide pollution of Indian rivers. Environmentalist, 15, 41–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohapatra, S. P., Kumar, M., Gajbhiye, V. T., & Agnihotri, N. P. (1995). Ground water contamination by Organochlorine insecticides in a rural area in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 35, 155–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monirul Qader Mirza, M. (1998). Diversion of the Ganges Water at Farakka and its effects on salinity in Bangladesh. Environment & Management, 22, 711–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monirul Qader Mirza, M., Warrick, R. A., Ericksen, N. J., & Kenny, G. J. (2001). Are floods getting worse in the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins? Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 3, 37–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, W. S. (1997). High fluxes of radium and barium from the mouth of the Ganges–Brahmaputra River during low-river discharge suggest a large groundwater source. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 150, 141–150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, D., Chattopadhyay, M., & Lahiri, S. C. (1993). Water quality of the River Ganga (The Ganges) and some of its physico-chemical properties. Environmentalist, 13, 199–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukhopadhyay, M. K., Ghosh, B. B., Joshi, H. C., Bagchi, M. M., & Karmakar, H. C. (1987). Biomonitoring of Pollution in Hooghly estuary; Rita rita as test fish. Journal of Environmental Biology, 297–306.

  • Natarajan, A. V. (1989). Environmental impact of Ganga Basin development on gene pool and fisheries of the Ganga River system. Proceedings of the International Proceeding of the International large river symposium (Lars). Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106, 545–560.

  • Nayak, A. K., Raha, R., & Das, A. K. (1995). Organochlorine pesticide residues in middle stream of the Ganga River, India. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 54, 68–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickson, R., McArthur, J., Burgess, W., Ahmed, K. M., Ravenscroft, P., & Rahmann, M. (1993). Arsenic poisoning of Bangladesh groundwater. Nature, 395, 338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pal, T., Mukherjee, P. K., Sengupta, S., Bhattachrya, A. K., & Shome, S. (2002). Arsenic pollution in ground water of west Bengal, India—An insight into the problem by subsurface sediment analysis. Gondwana Research, 5, 501–512.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pande, K. S., Sharma, S. D., & Bhargava, D. S. (2000). Study on quality status of Ramganga River at Moradabad. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, India, 81, 23–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, U. K. (1991). Physico-chemical studies of the Ganga water at Kanpur (Kannauj to Shuklaganj sector). In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 141–146). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, D. P., Diwedi, A., & Sinha, A. K. (1989). Physico-chemical characterstics of river Ganga sediments at Shuklaganj and Jajmau, Uttar Pradesh—A preliminary report. Journal of Recent Advances in Applied Sciences, 4, 545–549.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, P. K., & Pandey, G. N. (1980). Physico-chemical characterstics of river Ganga at Kanpur. Journal of the Institution of Public Health Engineers, India, 61, 28–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, S. K., Singh, A. K., & Hasnain, S. I. (1999). Weathering and geochemical processes controlling solute acquisition in Ganga Headwater–Bhagirathi River, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Aquatic Geochemistry, 5, 357–379.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, M., & Sundaram, S. M. (2002). Trends of water quality of River Ganga at Varanasi using WQI approach. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 28, 139–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak, S. P., Kumar, S., Ramteke, P. W., Murthy, R. C., Singh, K. P., Bhattacharjee, J. W., et al. (1992). Riverine pollution in some northern and northeastern states of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 22, 227–236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patralekh, M., & Patralekh, L. N. (2004). Pollution load on some fresh water ecosystems. Environment and Ecology, 22, 527–533.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peierls, B. L., Caraco, N. F., Pace, M. L., & Cole, J. J. (1991). Human influence on river nitrogen. Nature, 350, 386–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, K. (1977). Survival of coliform organism in river Ganga water near Kanpur and applicability of water quality indices. M. Tech. Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur.

  • Prasad, S., Mathur, A., & Rupainwar, D. C. (1989). Heavy metals distribution in the sediments and sewer river confluence points of river Ganga in Varanasi and Mirzapur region. Asian Environment, 11, 73–82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, G., Ulabhaje, A. V., & Mehrotra, M. N. (1986). Some aspects of pollution of the Ganga near Rajghat, Varanasi, U. P.. Journal of the Institution of Public Health Engineers, India, 1, 15–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman, M. M., Hassan, M. Q., Islam, M. S., & Shamsad, S. Z. K. M. (2000). Environmental impact assessment on water quality deterioration caused by the decreased Ganges outflow and saline water intrusion in south-western Bangladesh. Environmental Geology, 40, 31–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raju, A. R. (1993). Hydrogeochemistry of Gangotri glacier melt waters. PhD Thesis. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

  • Ramesh, R., & Sarin, M. M. (1992). Stable isotope study of the Ganga (Ganges) river system. Journal of Hydrology, 139, 49–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramkrishna, V. V. S., Achrya, R. N., Reddy, A. V. R., & Garg, A. N. (2001). Use of Gold as monostandard for the determination of elemental concentrations in environmental SRMs and Ganga River sediments by the Ko method. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 55, 595–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, R. J. (2001). Biological resources of the Ganga River, India. Hydrobiologia, 458, 159–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, P. K. (1993). Report on Ganga Action Plan. Lucknow, India: Industrial Toxicology Research Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray, P., & David, A. (1966). Effects of industrial wastes and sewage upon the chemical and biological composition and fisheries of river Ganga at Kanpur, U. P., India. Environmental Health, 8, 307–339.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, P., Singh, S. B., & Sehgal, K. L. (1966). A study of some aspects of ecology of the river Ganga and Yamuna at Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) in 1958–1959. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, 36, 235–372.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehana, Z., Malik A., & Ahmad M. (1995). Mutagenic activity of the Ganges water with special reference to the pesticide pollution in the river between Kachla to Kannauj (U.P.), India. Mutation research (Genetic Toxicology), 343, 137–144.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehana, Z., Malik A., & Ahmad M. (1996). Genotoxicity of the Ganges water at Narora (U.P.), India. Mutation research (Genetic Toxicology), 367, 187–193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saha, L. C., Choudhary, S. K., & Singh, N. K. (1985). Factors affecting phytoplankton productivity and density in the river Ganga at Bhagalpur. Geobios, 12, 63–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahu, B. K., Rao, R. J., Behera, S. K., & Pandit, R. K. (1996). Diel fluctuations of some water quality parameters of the River Ganga (Rishikesh–Kanpur) during June 1994. Pollution Research, 15, 61–65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saikia, D. K. (1987). Studies on the sorptive properties of bed sediments of river Ganges and transport of some heavy metals ions. PhD thesis. University of Roorkee, India.

  • Saikia, D. K., Mathur, R. P., & Srivastava, S. K. (1988). Heavy metals in water and sediments of upper Ganga. Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 30, 11–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanger, R. P. S., Shanker, V., & Sharma, S. K. (1987). An assessment of water quality of river Ganga at Garhmuketswar (Ghaziabad), U.P. Indian Journal of Ecology, 14, 278–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sankararamakrishanan, N., Kumar Sharma, A., & Sanghi, R. (2005). Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in ground water and surface waters of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Environment International, 31, 113–120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarin, M. M. (2001). Biogeochemistry of Himalayan rivers as an agent of climate change. Current Science, 81, 1446–1450.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarin, M. M., Dilli, K., Somyajulu, B. L. K., & Moore, W. S. (1989). Major ion chemistry of the Ganga–Brahmaputra river system: Weathering processes and fluxes to the Bay of Bengal. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 997–1009.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarin, M. M., & Krishnaswamy, S. (1984). Major ion chemistry of the Ganga–Brahmaputra river systems, India. Nature, 312, 538–541.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarin, M. M., Krishnaswami, S., Somyajulu, B. L. K., & Moore, W. S. (1990). Chemistry of uranium, thorium, and radium, isotopes in the Ganga–Brahmaputra river system: Weathering processes and fluxes to the Bay of Bengal. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 1387–1396.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarin, M. M., Krishnaswamy, S. K., Trivedi, J. R., & Sharma, K. K. (1992). Major ion chemistry of the Ganga source waters: Weathering in the high altitude Himalaya. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1, 89–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar, S. K., Bhattacharya, B., Debnath, S. B., Bandopadhaya, G., & Giri, S. (2002). Heavy metals in biota from Sunderban wetland ecosystem, India: Implications to monitoring and environmental assesment. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 5, 467–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar, S. K., Bhattacharya, A., & Bhattacharya, B. (2003). The river Ganga of northern India: An appraisal of its geomorphic and ecological changes. Water Science and Technology, 48, 121–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, K. C., Chakraborty, R. N., Khan, A. Q., Chattopadhya, S. N., & Chandra, H. (1966). Pollution studies of River Ganges near Kanpur, India. Environmental Health, 8, 270–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semwal, N., & Alkolkar, P. (2006) Water quality assesment of sacred Himalayan rivers of Uttaranchal. Current Science, 91, 486–496.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, M. (1991). Microbial population and Bacteriophages activity in the Ganga water: An exploratory study. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.,) The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 79–80). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, B. (1997). Variation of 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the Ganga river water—A mixing problem. Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 43–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, M., Chakrabarthy, A. K., Ghosh, A. K., & Bandyopadhyay, K. K. (1994). Water quality of the Hoogly: Some aspects. Seas Explores, 14–32.

  • Sengupta, S., Mukherjee, P. K., Pal, T., & Shome, S. (2004). Nature and origin of Arsenic carriers in shallow aquifer sediments of Bengal Delta, India. Environmental Geology, 45, 1071–1081.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senthilkumar, K., Kannan, K., Sinha, R. K., Tanabe, S., & Giesy, J. P. (1999). Bioaccumulation profiles of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and Organochlorine pesticides in Ganga River dolphins. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18, 1511–1520.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, C. B., & Ghosh, N. C. (1987). Pollution of River Ganga by municipal waste: A case study from Patna. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 30, 369–385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, Y. C., Prasad, G., & Rupainwar, D. C. (1992). Heavy metal pollution of river Ganga in Mirzapur, India. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 40, 41–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, M., Tobschal, H. J., & Singh, I. B. (2003). Environmental impact assessment in the Moradabad industrial area (rivers Ramganga–Ganga interfluve), Ganga Plain, India. Environmental Geology, 43, 957–967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shishodia, S. K. (1988). Ecological studies of Upper Ganga—identification and representation of the river. PhD thesis. India: University of Roorkee.

  • Shukla, A. C. (1991). Biological studies of the Ganga ecosystem between Kannauj and Shuklaganj. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 147–155). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, S. C., Tripathi, B. D., Kant, R., Kumari, D. V., & Pandey, V. S. (1989). Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of river Ganga from Mirzapur to Ballia. Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 31, 218–227.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui, A. M. (1991). Integrated study of the Ganga ecosystem between Narrora and Kannauj. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 117–124). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sikandar, M. (1987). Ecology of river Ganga with special references to pollution. PhD Thesis. Varanasi: Banaras Hindu University.

  • Sikandar, M., Tripathi, B. D., & Shukla, S. C. (1989). Possible ecological effects of dead body cremation on the bank of river Ganga at Varanasi. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 30, 90–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H. R. (1994). Water quality of River Ganga (Garhwal Himalayas). Acta Hydrobiologica, 36, 3–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M. (1996). The Ganga River: Fluvial Geomorphology, Sedimentation Processes and Geochemical studies., PhD Thesis. Heidelberger Beiträge Zur Umwelt-Geochemie, 8, 133p.

  • Singh, A. K., & Ahmad, S. H. (1990). A comparative study of the phytoplankton of the river Ganga and pond of Patna (Bihar), India. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 69, 153–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, R. K., & Anandh, U. (1990). Water quality index of some Indian rivers. Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 38, 21–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. K., Bhatt, C. S., & Pandey, K. K. (1988). Impact of mass bathing on water quality at Sangam and adjoining rivers during Magh mela at Allahabad. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 8, 275–278.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H. P., Chandra, R., & Singh, B. (1993a). Status of heavy metals in water and sediments and fish flesh in the middle stretch of the river Ganga. Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India, 25, 62–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, R. P., Dayal, G., Taneja, A., & Kapoor, C. K. (1993b). Enrichment of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu, in the surface micro layer of River Ganga along Kanpur city. Pollution Research, 12, 261–265.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. K., & Hasnain, S. I. (1998). Major ion chemistry and weathering control in a high altitude basin—Alaknanda river, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 43, 825–844.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. K., Hasnain, S. I., & Banerjee, D. K. (1999a). Grain size and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of Damodar River—A tributary of the lower Ganga, India. Environmental Geology, 39, 90–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H. P., & Mahaver, L. R. (1997). Preliminary observations on heavy metals in water and sediments in a stretch of river Ganga and some of its tributaries. Journal of Environmental Biology, 18, 49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H. P., Mahaver, L. R., Mishra, J. P. (1999b). Impact of industrial and sewage wastes on water qualities in middle stretch of river Ganga from Kanpur to Varanasi. Journal of Environmental Biology, 20, 279–285.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H. P., Mahaveer, L. R., & Mishra, J. P. (1992). Heavy metals in sediments and water in river Ganga. Journal of the Assam Science Society, 34, 52–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S., & Mehrotra, M. N. (1990). The study of sediments of Varanasi—Cremation ghats. Vigyana Parishad Addhyan Patrika, 33, 151–159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H. P., Mishra, J. P., & Mahaver, L. R. (1999c). Observation on biochemical and chemical oxygen demands of certain polluted stretch of River Ganga. Journal of Environmental Biology, 20, 111–114.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, K. P., Mohan, D., Sinha, S., & Dalwani, R. (2004). Impact assessment of treated/untreated wastewater toxicants discharged by sewage treatment plants on health, agricultural, and environmental quality in the waste water disposal area. Chemosphere, 55, 227–255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., Müller, G., & Singh, I. B. (2002). Heavy Metals in freshly deposited river sediments associated with urbanization of the Ganga Plain, India. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 141, 35–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., Müller, G., & Singh, I. B. (2003). Geogenic distribution and baseline concentration of heavy metals in sediments of the Ganges River, India. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 80, 1–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H. R., Nautiyal, P., Dobriyal, A. K., Pokhriyal, R. C., Negi, M., Baduni, V., et al. (1994). Water quality of the River Ganga (Garhwal Himalayas). Ac. Hydrobiologica, 36, 3–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. K., & Rai, J. P. N. (2003). Pollution studies on River Ganga in Allahabad district. Pollution Research, 22, 469–472.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. K., & Singh, G. P. (1996). Density and productivity of phytoplankton in the River Ganga at Patna, India. Tropical Ecology, 37, 143–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. K., & Singh, D. K. (1999). A comparative study on the phytoplanktonic primary production of river Ganga and pond of Patna (Bihar), India. Journal of Environmental Biology, 20, 263–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. K., & Singh, M. (2006). Lead decline in the Indian environment resulting from the petrol-lead phase-out programme. Science of the Total Environment. (in press)

  • Singh, S. R., & Srivastava, V. K. (1991). Investigation on the productivity of phytoplankton in relation to certain hydrological conditions in the stretch of Ganga River between Buxar and Ballia. Pollution Research, 10, 93–110.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, J. P, Yadav, P. K., & Singh, L. (1988). Pollution status on Sangam and its adjoining river before the Kumbh Mela at Allahabad. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 8, 839–842.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, J. P., Yadav, P. K., & Singh, L. (1989). Mass bathing effect on water quality of Sangam during Mahakumbh Mela at Allahabad. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 9, 198–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, A. K. (1991). River Ganga in the stretch between Kalkankar (Pratapgarh) and Phaphamau (Allahabad): A comprehensive study. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 125–140). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, A. K. (1997a). Abundance of macrozoobenthic organisms in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of river Ganga at Patna (Bihar), India. Journal of Environmental Biology, 18, 49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, R. K. (1997b). River pollution in India: Innovative technologies for sewage treatment under the Ganga and Yamuna action plans. Environmental Education and Information, 16, 395–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, R. K. (1997c). Status and conservation of Ganges river dolphin in Bhagirathi Hoogly river systems in India. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 23, 343–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, S. N., & Banerjee, R. D. (1995). Pollution indicators and impact assessment of pollutants discharged into the River Ganga. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 48, 231–244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, S. N., & Banerjee, R. D. (1999). Effects of pollution on the occurrence, distribution and sulphur transformation ability of the thiobacilli in the River Ganga. Chemistry and Ecology, 15, 273–289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, A. K., Pandey, D. P., Srivastava R. K., Srivastava, P., Srivastava, K. N., Kumar, A., et al. (1991). Impact of mass bathing on the water quality of the Ganga River at Haudeshwarnath (Pratapgarh), India: A case study. Science of the Total Environment, 101, 275–280.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, A. K., Srivastava D. K., Pandy D. P., Singh, R. P., Srivastava, S., Pandey, D. C., et al. (1986). Water quality assessment of the Ganga water4 at Dalmau (Rae Bareli) India on Kartik Purnima. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 9, 198–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, A. K., Srivastava, S., & Srivastava, K. N. (1989). Physico-chemical studies in river Ganga water at Kalakankar (Pratapgarh). Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 9, 194–197.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinnakar, S. N., Kesarwani, S. K., & Bhat, S. G. (1987). River Ganga: An overview of environmental research. Nagpur: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Som, P. (1991). Instrumentation for pollution monitoring of Hugli estuary. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 47–51). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somyajulu, B. L. K. (1994). Uranium Isotopes in Hoogly estuary, India. Marine Chemicals, 47, 291–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somyajulu, B. L. K., Rengarajan, R., & Jani, R. A. (2002). Geochemical cycling in the Hooghly estuary, India. Marine Chemicals, 79, 171–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sreenivasaprasad, S. (1991). Biological profile of the Ganga: Phytoplankton. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 53–66). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastav, M., Srivastav, A. K., & Rawat, M. S. M. (1991). Physico-chemical and phycological assessment of water of Ganga at Rishikesh and Hardwar. Advances in Himalayan Ecology, 255–265.

  • Srivastava, R. K. (1993). Studies of water and sediments of river Ganga between Kalakankar (Pratapgarh) and Phaphamau (Allahabad) India. PhD Thesis. Kanpur: University of Kanpur.

  • Srivastava, A. (1994). Sediment bound Heavy metals and organic contents—An example from Ganga River, Mirzapur, India. In Proceedings of the 7th International IAEG, Lisbon (pp. 2837–2845).

  • Srivastava, M. (2000). Pollution of Ganga River: A limnological study at Hardwar (pp. 174). New Delhi: Shree.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, R. K., Sinha, A. K., Pande, D. P., Singh, K. P., & Chandra, H. (1996). Water quality of the River Ganga at Phaphamau (Allahabad)—Effects of Mass Bathing during Mahakumbh. Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality, 11, 1–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, V. (1993). Phosphorus, Silicon and some trace contaminants in the Ganga estuary. Estuaries, 16, 453–458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, V., Biksham, G., & Ramesh, R. (1987). Environmental geology of peninsular river basins of India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 30, 393–401.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, V., Jha, P. K., & Van Grieken, R. (1988). Heavy metals in the Ganges estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 19, 290–293.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, V., Sitaswad, R., Abbas, N., & Jha, P. K. (1987). Environmental geology of the Ganga river basin. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 30, 335–355.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, V., Van Grieken, R., & Van T’Dack, L. (1987a). Heavy metals distribution in the sediments of Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers. Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, 9, 93–103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, V., Van Grieken, R., & Van T’Dack, L. (1987b). Transport and fractionation of Pb in river sediments from Indian sub-continent. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 30, 217–226.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tare, V. (1997). Water quality monitoring of river Ganga (in the Kannauj u/s-Kanpur d/s stretch) and monitoring and 5 and 36 MLD UASB plants at Kanpur and oxidation pond at Farrukhabad. Annual Report Submitted to National River Conservation Directorate, Delhi.

  • Tare, V. (1998). Water quality monitoring of river Ganga (in the Kannauj u/s-Kanpur d/s stretch) and monitoring and 5 and 36 MLD UASB plants at Kanpur and oxidation pond at Farrukhabad. Annual Report Submitted to National River Conservation Directorate, Delhi.

  • Tare, V. (1999). Water quality monitoring of river Ganga (in the Kannauj u/s-Kanpur d/s stretch) and monitoring and 5 and 36 MLD UASB plants at Kanpur and oxidation pond at Farrukhabad. Annual Report Submitted to National River Conservation Directorate, Delhi.

  • Tare, V., Yadav, A. V. S., & Bose, P. (2003). Analysis of photosynthetic activity in the most polluted stretch of river Ganga. Water Research, 37, 67–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, D., & Kumar H. D. (1984). Sediment characteristics of the river Ganga in Varanasi, India. Life Science Advances, 3, 130–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari, D. (1983). Pollution Phycology of the Varanasi front age of river Ganga. PhD Thesis. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

  • Tiwari, T. N., Das, S. C., & Bose, P. K. (1986). A relation between COD and BOD for the Ganga at Kanpur. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 6, 183–184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari, I. C., & Sen, P. C. (1991). The pathogenic Bacteria in the Ganga water collected from 12 sampling points of Varanasi. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 78). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomalin, E., & Hollick, J. C. (2002). Making a radio documentary series about the river Ganges. Contemporary South Asia, 11, 211–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi, C. K. M. (1982). Investigation on Ganga River to determine biological indicators of water quality. PhD Thesis. Varanasi: Banaras Hindu University.

  • Tripathi, B. D. (1991). An overview of Hydrobiological features of the Ganga in the stretch Mirzapur to Ballia. In C. R. Krishnamurti, T. S. Bilgrami, T. M. Das, & R. P. Mathur (Eds.), The Ganga: A Scientific study (pp. 147–155). New Delhi: Northern Book Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi, B. D., Sikander, M., & Shukla, S. C. (1991). Physico-chemical characterization of city sewage discharged into river Ganga at Varanasi, India. Environment International, 17, 469–478.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi, N. K., Venkobachar, C., Singh, R. K., & Singh, S. P. (1998). Monitoring the pollution of river Ganga by tanneries using the multiband ground truth radiometer. ISPRS J. Photography and Remote Sensing, 53, 204–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Umar, R., & Ahmad, M. S. (2000). Ground water quality in parts of Central Ganga Basin, India. Environmental Geology, 39, 673–678.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umar, A., Umar, R., & Ahmad, M. S. (2001). Hydrological and hydro-chemical framework of regional aquifer system in Kali-Ganga Sub-Basin, India. Environmental Geology, 40, 602–611.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Untoo, S. A., Parveen, S., & Khan, A. A. (2002). Impact of toxic effluents in the River Ganga with particular reference to metal pollution near Rajghat U. P. Pollution Research, 21, 455–459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyaya, R., Dubey, A. P., & Pande, G. N. (1982). Monitoring of Pollution at Sangam during Ardha Kumbh. Pollution Research, 1, 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaithiyanathan, P., Jha, P. K., & Subramanian, V. (1993). Phosphorus distribution in the sediments of the Hooghly (Ganges) estuary, India. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 37, 603–614.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vass, K. K., Mukhopadhyay, M. K., Mitra, K., Bagchi, M. M., & Bandopadhyay, S. (1997). Fish and biomonitoring tool for environmental impact assessment in Ganga river system in changing perspectives of Inland Fisheries. Published by Inland Fisheries Society of Barrackpore.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226 007, India

    Munendra Singh

  2. Department of Environmental Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226 007, India

    Amit K. Singh

Authors
  1. Munendra Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amit K. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Munendra Singh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Singh, M., Singh, A.K. Bibliography of Environmental Studies in Natural Characteristics and Anthropogenic Influences on the Ganga River. Environ Monit Assess 129, 421–432 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9374-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9374-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation