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Protoplasts in the analysis of early plant-pathogen interactions: current applications and perspectives

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Abstract

Transient gene expression in protoplasts has been applied to the analysis of gene expression, promoter activity, subcellular localization of proteins, and genome editing. Its advantages have been realized in recent years in various physiological, biochemical, genetic, and molecular biological studies. The omics and systems biology studies of plant development and their interactions with the environment have revitalized this approach. Early plant-pathogen interaction represents one of the most unique signalling research areas. Here, we try to discuss some developments and current applications of the protoplast system. It is for sure that the system will significantly bridge the gap between high throughput approaches and functional analysis in the study of plant-pathogen interactions in the omics era.

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Abbreviations

CDPK:

Calcium-dependent protein kinase

ETI:

Effector-triggered immunity

FC:

Fusicoccin

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

HR:

Hypersensitive response

LRR:

Leucine-rich repeat

MAP:

Mitogen-activated protein

PA:

Picolinic acid

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PR:

Pathogenesis-related

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

PTI:

PAMP-triggered immunity

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SE:

Sieve tube element

TTSS:

Type III secretion system

VIGS:

Virus-induced gene silencing

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a research grant to T.X. from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and a research grant to X.J.W. from National Natural Science Foundation of China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Tim Xing & Kipkios Tubei

  2. Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada

    Xiu-Qing Li

  3. Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada

    Andre Laroche

  4. London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada

    Lining Tian

  5. College of Life Sciences, Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaojing Wang

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  1. Tim Xing
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Correspondence to Tim Xing or Xiaojing Wang.

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Xing, T., Li, XQ., Laroche, A. et al. Protoplasts in the analysis of early plant-pathogen interactions: current applications and perspectives. Eur J Plant Pathol 149, 1001–1010 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1230-9

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