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Simultaneous determination and toxicological assessment of penicillins in different water matrices

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Abstract

A multi-residue analysis method was developed for the determination of penicillins in wastewater of WWTP, surface water and groundwater in Spain. The procedure involves a solid phase extraction (SPE) and the subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-QqQ-MS/MS). The SPE processes were optimized by test of cartridges, sample pH and elution solvents. ENV+ cartridge was chosen for the extraction of penicillins from different environmental samples. The best conditions for the extraction efficiency of the targets were observed at sample pH 6, by eluting solvents of methanol and acetonitrile respectively. The method has been validated by calibration curve, corresponding regression coefficient, limit of quantification and recoveries. The results showed that the recoveries of more than 90 % were presented in all the compounds, except AMOX and AMPI, which had special amino-group in the molecular structure different with others. The matrix effect was also considered in the experiment and it was concluded that different matrix effect could be found between three kinds of waters, and the low retention of AMOX and AMPI on the cartridges was attributed to the matrices interference. The real sample detection showed that the penicillins degraded fast and only AMOX appeared in the studied environmental samples. The results of toxicology test on two compounds (AMOX and AMPI) showed that bacteria V. fischeri was proved to be relatively insensitive to both targets. The decreasing order of toxicity in three environmental waters for AMOX and AMPI was: wastewater > groundwater > surface water.

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Acknowledgments

This research was jointly funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41103063 and 40830748), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (08Z346), and Science Foundation of Central College (CUGL100217 and CUG 120406).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China

    L. Tong & Y. X. Wang

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    M. Pilar Hermo, D. Barrón & J. Barbosa

Authors
  1. L. Tong
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  2. Y. X. Wang
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  3. M. Pilar Hermo
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  4. D. Barrón
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  5. J. Barbosa
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Correspondence to Y. X. Wang.

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Tong, L., Wang, Y.X., Hermo, M.P. et al. Simultaneous determination and toxicological assessment of penicillins in different water matrices. Ecotoxicology 23, 2005–2013 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1336-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1336-1

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