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Tetracycline adsorption on kaolinite: pH, metal cations and humic acid effects

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Abstract

Contamination of environmental matrixes by human and animal wastes containing antibiotics is a growing health concern. Because tetracycline is one of the most widely-used antibiotics in the world, it is important to understand the factors that influence its mobility in soils. This study investigated the effects of pH, background electrolyte cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), heavy metal Cu2+ and humic acid (HA) on tetracycline adsorption onto kaolinite. Results showed that tetracycline was greatly adsorbed by kaolinite over pH 3–6, then decreased with the increase of pH, indicating that tetracycline adsorption mainly through ion exchange of cations species and complexation of zwitterions species. In the presence of five types of cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), tetracycline adsorption decreased in accordance with the increasing of atomic radius and valence of metal cations, which suggested that outer-sphere complexes formed between tetracycline and kaolinite, and the existence of competitor ions lead to the decreasing adsorption. The presence of Cu2+ greatly enhanced the adsorption probably by acting as a bridge ion between tetracycline species and the edge sites of kaolinite. HA also showed a major effect on the adsorption: at pH < 6, the presence of HA increased the adsorption, while the addition of HA showed little effect on tetracycline adsorption at higher pH. The soil environmental conditions, like pH, metal cations and soil organic matter, strongly influence the adsorption behavior of tetracycline onto kaolinite and need to be considered when assessing the environmental toxicity of tetracycline.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20807022), and the Key Special Program on the Science and Technology for the Pollution Control and Treatment of Water Bodies (No. 2009ZX07210-004, 2008ZX07316-004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s Republic of China

    Yanping Zhao, Jinju Geng, Xiaorong Wang, Xueyuan Gu & Shixiang Gao

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  1. Yanping Zhao
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  2. Jinju Geng
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  3. Xiaorong Wang
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  4. Xueyuan Gu
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  5. Shixiang Gao
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Correspondence to Xueyuan Gu or Shixiang Gao.

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Zhao, Y., Geng, J., Wang, X. et al. Tetracycline adsorption on kaolinite: pH, metal cations and humic acid effects. Ecotoxicology 20, 1141–1147 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0665-6

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