Skip to main content
Log in

Do Educators See and Honor Biliteracy and Bidialectalism in African American Language Speakers? Apprehensions and Reflections of Two Grandparents/Professional Educators

  • Published:
Early Childhood Education Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Educators often do not recognize biliteracy and bidialectalism in African American Language (AAL) speakers. Chronicling the experiences of twin four/five-year old AAL and emergent Standard English speakers, we discuss the importance of recognizing and building on the routines and identities of African American children and families. We present three strategies for supporting the learning of African American children who are biliterate and bidialectal. Using the academic literature which illustrates African American children’s communicative virtuosity as a backdrop, we use language samples from twin AAL-speakers to illustrate key points. Emphasis is placed on the importance of building on African American children’s communication styles in classrooms and helping them to negotiate and move between two different discourse communities for both oral and written language.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Jaliyah and Janiyah are the authors’ grandchildren. Their mother granted permission to write about them. We are intrigued by their preference for African American Language (AAL) even though Standard English (SE) is also spoken in their home and by most family members. While it is interesting to explore why they find AAL more compelling than SE, the purpose of this article is to think about ways teachers can support their emergent biliteracy and bidialectalism.

References

  • Ball, A. F. (1996). Expository writing patterns of African-American students. English Journal, 85(1), 27–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baugh, J. (2000). Beyond Ebonics. Linguistic pride and racial prejudice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

  • Boutte, G. S. (2007). Teaching African American English speakers: Expanding educators and student repertoires. In M. E. Brisk (Ed.), Language, culture, and community in teacher education (pp. 47–70). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boutte, G. S., & Hill, E. (2006). African American communities: Implications for educators. New Educator, 2, 311–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boykin, A. W. (1994). Afrocultural expression and its implications for schooling. In E. R. Hollins, J. E. King, & W. C. Hayman (Eds.), Teaching diverse populations: Formulating a knowledge base (pp. 243–273). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delpit, L. (2002). Introduction. In L. Delpit, & J. K. Dowdy (Eds.), The skin that we speak: Thoughts on language and culture in the classroom (pp. xv–xxiv). New York, NY: The New Press.

  • Delpit, L. (1995). Other people’s children. Cultural conflicts in the classroom. New York, NY: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delpit, L. (1998). What should teachers do? Ebonics and culturally responsive instruction. In T. Perry & L. Delpit (Eds.), The real ebonics debate (pp. 17–26). Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, S. B. (1982a). What no bedtime story means. Narrative skills at home and school. Language in Society, 11(1), 49–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heath, S. B. (1982/1992). Ways with words: Language, life, and work in communities and classrooms. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

  • Hilliard, A. G. (2002). Language, culture, and the assessment of African American children. In L. Delpit & J. K. Dowdy (Eds.), The skin that we speak: Thoughts on language and culture in the classroom (pp. 87–105). New York, NY: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, A. G. (2010, March 25). Revealing subjugated knowledge: Black feminist thought and the study of African American families. In G. S. Boutte & S. Long (Eds.), African American equity symposia series. Symposium conducted at the University of South Carolina. Columbia, South Carolina.

  • Kinloch, V. (2010a). Suspicious spatial distinctions: Literacy research with students across school and community contexts. Written Communication, 26(2), 154–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinloch, V. (2010b). “To not be a traitor of Black English”: Youth perceptions of language rights in an urban context. Teachers College Record, 112(11), 103–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. (1995). Signifying as a scaffold for literary interpretation. Journal of Black Psychology, 21(4), 357–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orellana, M. F., & D’warte, J. (2010). Recognizing different kinds of “head starts”. Educational Researcher, 39(4), 295–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, T., & Delpit, L. (1998). The real ebonics debate: Power, language, and the education of African-American children. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, T., Steele, C., & Hilliard, A. (Eds.). (2003). Young, gifted, and Black: Promoting high achievement among African-American students. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purcell-Gates, V. (2002). “…As soon as she opened her mouth!” issues of language, literacy, and power. In L. Delpit & J. K. Dowdy (Eds.), The skin that we speak: Thoughts on language and culture in the classroom (pp. 107–120). New York, NY: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smitherman, G. (1994). Black talk. Words and phrases from the hood to the amen corner. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smitherman, G. (1999/2001). Talkin that talk. Language, culture and education in African America. London: Routledge.

  • Souto-Manning, M. (2009). Acting out and talking back: Negotiating discourses in American early educational settings. Early Child Development and Care, 179(8), 1083–1094.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volk, D., & Long, S. (2005). Challenging myths of the deficit perspective: Honoring children’s literacy resources. Young Children, 60(6), 12–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, R. S., & Swords, R. (2006). Code-switching. Teaching standard English in urban classrooms. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynne, J. (2002). We don’t talk right. You ask him. In L. Delpit, & J. K. Dowdy (Eds.), The skin that we speak: Thoughts on language and culture in the classroom (pp. 203–219). New York, NY: The New Press.

Children’s Literature

  • Battle-Lavert, G. (1994). The barber’s cutting edge. San Francisco, CA: Children’s Book Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, T. (1994). So much. Cambridge, MA: Candlewick Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, E. (1988). Nathaniel talking. New York, NY: Black Butterfly.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herron, C. (1997). Nappy hair. New York, NY: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKissack, P. (1986). Flossie and the fox. New York, NY: Dial Books For Young Readers.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKissack, P. (1988). Mirandy and brother wind. New York, NY: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendez, P. (1989). The Black snowman. New York, NY: Scholastic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosales, M. (1996). ‘Twas the night b’fore Christmas: An African-American version. New York, NY: Scholastic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smalls, I. (2003). Don’t say ain’t. Watertown, MA: Charlesbridge Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S. A. (1992). Working cotton. New York, NY: Harcourt.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gloria Swindler Boutte.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Boutte, G.S., Johnson, G.L. Do Educators See and Honor Biliteracy and Bidialectalism in African American Language Speakers? Apprehensions and Reflections of Two Grandparents/Professional Educators. Early Childhood Educ J 41, 133–141 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-012-0538-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-012-0538-5

Keywords

Navigation