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Archival tagging reveals swimming depth and ambient and peritoneal cavity temperature in age-0 Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, off the southern coast of Japan

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Abstract

Although archival tags have been deployed in Thunnus since the early 1990s, few studies have placed such loggers on the small-size growth stage. In this study, Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT, Thunnus orientalis) 20–26.5 cm in fork length (FL) were fitted with archival tags and released off the southern coastal area of Japan from July to August in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Time-series data on swimming depth, ambient water temperature, and peritoneal cavity temperatures collected at 30-s intervals during 78–144 days were analyzed in 11 age-0 PBT. In August, the age-0 PBT spent 69.5 to 83.4% of their time within the mixed layer at mean temperatures between 27.6 and 28.3 °C, while previous studies reported that PBT with FL > 50 cm in the East China Sea are found most often in zones with temperatures between 14 and 19 °C. The thermal difference between the peritoneal cavity and ambient temperature was less than 1 °C for age-0 PBT in August, indicating that they were not in danger of overheating. The mean daytime swimming depths of age-0 PBT were significantly and positively correlated with the depth of the thermocline, especially from August to October. By focusing their swimming depths around the thermocline, the age-0 PBT potentially maximize the probability of encountering prey. There was a significant correlation between the mean nighttime depth and lunar illumination. The change in vertical distribution with the lunar cycle during nighttime is likely a form of predator avoidance.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Mr. Y. Deki and Mr. T. Oki and other members of the Kaminokae Fisherman’s Association for their help in our field survey, and Dr. O. Abe, Dr. Y. Takeuchi and Dr. K. Ohshima of the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries for organizing and conducting this study. We also thank Dr. S. Iwata, Dr. N. Arai, Dr. H. Mitamura, Dr. K. Ichikawa, Dr. T. Noda, Mr. J. Takagi, Mr. M. Ishikawa, Mr. K. Kikuchi, Mr. K. Mori, Mr. H. Yamane, Dr. K. Suzuki, Mr. K. Abe, Mr. K. Fukushima, Ms. F. Hasegawa, Mr. K. Hasegawa, Dr. T. Honryo, Mr. T. Hori, Ms. M. Inomata, Mr. S. Kawasaki, Ms. S. Komiyama, Ms. T. Kono, Ms. W. Kondo, Dr. Y. Mitsunaga, Ms. A. Miyagi, Dr. Y. Miyamoto, Mr. M. Nakagawa, Dr. H. Nikaido, Mr. K Ohkubo, Mr. T. Ohnishi, Dr. J. Okuyama, Mr. T. Sasakura, Mr. T. Shinke, Mr. S. Shiohama, Mr. Y. Komoto, Dr. Y. Tsuda, Mr. K. Uchida, Dr. T. Yokota, and Ms. N. Yoshida for their field assistance. This study was funded by the Promotion Program for International Resources Survey from the Fisheries Agency of Japan and Cooperative research organization for the Promotion Program of International fisheries stock assessment from the Fisheries Agency of Japan. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the Guidelines for Proper Conduct of Animal Experiments (Science Council of Japan).

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  1. Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424–8633, Japan

    Seishiro Furukawa, Ko Fujioka, Hiromu Fukuda, Nobuaki Suzuki, Yaoki Tei & Seiji Ohshimo

  2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan

    Seishiro Furukawa

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  1. Seishiro Furukawa
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  2. Ko Fujioka
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  3. Hiromu Fukuda
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Correspondence to Seishiro Furukawa.

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This study was funded by the Promotion Program for International Resources Survey from the Fisheries Agency of Japan and Cooperative research organization for the Promotion Program of International fisheries stock assessment from the Fisheries Agency of Japan.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the Guidelines for Proper Conduct of Animal Experiments (Science Council of Japan).

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Furukawa, S., Fujioka, K., Fukuda, H. et al. Archival tagging reveals swimming depth and ambient and peritoneal cavity temperature in age-0 Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, off the southern coast of Japan. Environ Biol Fish 100, 35–48 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-016-0552-3

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