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Introduction: the Kurds’ ordeal with Turkey in a transforming Middle East

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Notes

  1. Beşikçi, İsmail. 2009. Resmi Tarih Tartışmaları 6: Resmi Tarihte Kürtler. İstanbul: Özgür Üniversite.

  2. Quoted in David Corn’s interview with Öcalan; reprinted in Serxwebûn, April 1995: 12–14.

  3. Beşikçi, İsmail. 2009. Resmi Tarih Tartışmaları 6: Resmi Tarihte Kürtler. İstanbul: Özgür Üniversite.

  4. HADEP was the heir of previously banned Kurdish parties, the first one being People’s Labor Party (Halkın Emek Partisi-HEP) that was established in 1990. HEP was banned by the Turkish Constitutional Court in July 1993. Before the ban of HEP, in November 1992, Freedom and Democracy Party (ÖZDEP) was established as a substitute of HEP. In November 1993, the Constitutional Court closed ÖZDEP, too. Then, the Kurds established Democracy Party (DEP), which was also banned in July 1994. HADEP was established in May 1994 to substitute DEP. HADEP was banned in March 2003. HADEP was followed by Democratic People’s Party (DEHAP) and Free Society Party (OTP), which were established in 1997 and 2002, respectively. DEHAP was banned in 2005. Democratic Society Party (DTP) was established in 2006 and led Kurdish legal movement until its closure in December 2009 on charges of its links with the PKK. Kurdish politicians transferred to the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), which was established when the closure case against the DTP was launched in 2007. Currently, BDP is the leading Kurdish legal party in Turkey. The Turkish state and public view all these banned parties as “legal extensions” of the PKK.

  5. Emergency State Rule was in effect between 1986 and 2002. In 2007, the Turkish army declared many Kurdish provinces to be “temporary security zones”, which has meant de facto emergency state rule. The press and observers can enter these zones only with official permission of the army.

  6. See footnote 4 for details on some Kurdish legal political parties.

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  1. The University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA

    Hisyar Ozsoy

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Correspondence to Hisyar Ozsoy.

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Ozsoy, H. Introduction: the Kurds’ ordeal with Turkey in a transforming Middle East. Dialect Anthropol 37, 103–111 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-013-9297-y

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