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De novo formed satellite DNA-based mammalian artificial chromosomes and their possible applications

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Abstract

Mammalian artificial chromosomes (MACs) are non-integrating, autonomously replicating natural chromosome-based vectors that may carry a vast amount of genetic material, which in turn enable potentially prolonged, safe, and regulated therapeutic transgene expression and render MACs as attractive genetic vectors for “gene replacement” or for controlling differentiation pathways in target cells. Satellite-DNA-based artificial chromosomes (SATACs) can be made by induced de novo chromosome formation in cells of different mammalian and plant species. These artificially generated accessory chromosomes are composed of predictable DNA sequences, and they contain defined genetic information. SATACs have already passed a number of obstacles crucial to their further development as gene therapy vectors, including large-scale purification, transfer of purified artificial chromosomes into different cells and embryos, generation of transgenic animals and germline transmission with purified SATACs, and the tissue-specific expression of a therapeutic gene from an artificial chromosome in the milk of transgenic animals. SATACs could be used in cell therapy protocols. For these methods, the most versatile target cell would be one that was pluripotent and self-renewing to address multiple disease target cell types, thus making multilineage stem cells, such as adult derived early progenitor cells and embryonic stem cells, as attractive universal host cells.

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Abbreviations

ACEs:

Artificial chromosome expression system

CHO:

Chinese hamster ovary

EB:

Embryoid body

EGFP:

Enhanced green fluorescent protein

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell

EPO:

Erythropoietin

FACS:

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting

HAC:

Human artificial chromosome

hESC:

Human embryonic stem cell

HGH:

Human growth hormone

HPRT:

Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase

HSC:

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

iPS:

Induced pluripotent stem

MAbs:

Monoclonal antibodies

MACs:

Mammalian artificial chromosomes

MMCT:

Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

PET:

Positron emission tomography

SATAC:

Satellite-DNA-based artificial chromosome

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Acknowledgments

I am greatly indebted to the late Gyula Hadlaczky for the discovery and development of SATACs, and also for facilitating me to work, learn, and progress scientifically under his kind supervision. Our work was supported by a Hungarian National Technology Program Grant: TECH_09_A1-DKMACTER (http://www.nih.gov.hu/english)

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  1. Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary

    Robert L. Katona

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Katona, R.L. De novo formed satellite DNA-based mammalian artificial chromosomes and their possible applications. Chromosome Res 23, 143–157 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-014-9458-0

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