Abstract
Microsatellites are highly polymorphic markers that are distributed through all the genome being more abundant in non-coding regions. Whether they are neutral or under selection, these markers if localized can be used as co-dominant molecular markers to explore the dynamics of the evolutionary processes. Their cytological localization can allow identifying genes under selection, inferring recombination from a genomic point of view, or screening for the genomic reorganizations occurring during the evolution of a lineage, among others. In this paper, we report for the first time the localization of microsatellite loci by fluorescent in situ hybridization on Drosophila polytene chromosomes. In Drosophila subobscura, 72 dinucleotide microsatellite loci were localized by fluorescent in situ hybridization yielding unique hybridization signals. In the sex chromosome, microsatellite distribution was not uniform and its density was higher than in autosomes. We identified homologous segments to the sequence flanking the microsatellite loci by browsing the genome sequence of Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila melanogaster. Their localization supports the conservation of Muller’s chromosomal elements among Drosophila species and the existence of multiple intrachromosomal rearrangements within each evolutionary lineage. Finally, the lack of microsatellite repeats in the homologous D. melanogaster sequences suggests convergent evolution for high microsatellite density in the distal part of the X chromosome.
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Abbreviations
- DAPI:
-
4'-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole
- dsub:
-
ID names of the clones
- FISH:
-
fluorescent in-situ hybridization
- HP1:
-
Heterochromatin Protein 1
- NTP:
-
nucleotides triphosphate
- PCR:
-
polymerase chain reaction
- rDNA:
-
ribosomal DNA
- SSC:
-
Sodium Chloride-Sodium Citrate buffer
- SSR:
-
simple sequence repeats
- UCSC:
-
University of California Santa Cruz
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Acknowledgments
We thank Francisco Carmona for help in the statistic analyses and Joan Balanyà for help with probes localization. We also thank Montse Papaceit, Lucía Alonso, Jesús Albornoz, and Ana Domínguez for help with preliminary microsatellite localization assays. Josiane Santos has the grant SFRH/BD/28498/2006 from FCT, Portugal. This work was supported by projects CGL2006-13423-C02-02 from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT, Spain) and the EU (FEDER) and SGR2009-636 from the Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain).
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Santos, J., Serra, L., Solé, E. et al. FISH mapping of microsatellite loci from Drosophila subobscura and its comparison to related species. Chromosome Res 18, 213–226 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-010-9112-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-010-9112-4