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How cohesin and CTCF cooperate in regulating gene expression

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Abstract

Cohesin is a DNA-binding protein complex that is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and facilitates the repair of damaged DNA. In addition, cohesin has important roles in regulating gene expression, but the molecular mechanisms of this function are poorly understood. Recent experiments have revealed that cohesin binds to the same sites in mammalian genomes as the zinc finger transcription factor CTCF. At a few loci CTCF has been shown to function as an enhancer-blocking transcriptional insulator, and recent observations indicate that this function depends on cohesin. Here we review what is known about the roles of cohesin and CTCF in regulating gene expression in mammalian cells, and we discuss how cohesin might mediate the insulator function of CTCF.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

adenosin-5′-triphosphate

CdLS:

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

ChIP:

chromatin immunoprecipitation

cHS4:

5′HS4 chicken β-globin insulator

CTCF:

zinc finger transcription factor

EcR-B1:

ecdysone receptor B1

ICR:

imprinting control region, also called differentially methylated region or domain (DMR/DMD)

KSHV:

Karposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus

LCR:

locus control region

ncRNA:

non-coding RNA

PEV:

position-effect-variegation

qPCR:

quantitative polymerase chain reaction

RBS/SC:

Roberts/SC Phocomelia Syndrome

RNAi:

RNA interference

TEV:

tobacco etch virus protease

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  1. Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, A-1030, Vienna, Austria

    Kerstin S. Wendt & Jan-Michael Peters

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  1. Kerstin S. Wendt
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Wendt, K.S., Peters, JM. How cohesin and CTCF cooperate in regulating gene expression. Chromosome Res 17, 201–214 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-008-9017-7

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