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Promoter methylation and the detection of breast cancer

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Abstract

Mammographic screening has been shown to reduce breast cancer mortality in women over the age of 50 years, and to a lesser extent in younger women. The sensitivity of mammography, however, is reduced in some groups of women. There remains a need for a minimally invasive, cost-effective procedure that could be used along side mammography to improve screening sensitivity. Silencing of tumor suppressor genes through promoter hypermethylation is known to be a frequent and early event in carcinogenesis. Further, changes in methylation patterns observed in tumors are also detectable in the circulation of women with breast cancer. This makes these alterations candidate markers for early tumor detection. In this paper, we review the current literature on promoter hypermethylation changes and breast cancer and discuss issues that remain to be addressed in order for the potential of these markers to augment the sensitivity of screening mammography. In general, studies in well-defined populations, including appropriate controls and larger numbers are needed. Further, focus on the optimization of methods of methylation detection in small amounts of DNA is needed.

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Acknowledgments

Susan G. Komen for the Cure BCTR0707521, DOD Pre-doctoral Training Grant BC060891, National Cancer Institute R01 CA098661, the National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Grant CA-016087, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences center grant ES-000260. Paul Cairns is funded by the NIH Early Detection Research Network 1 U01 CA111242.

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  1. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, 5th Floor, New York, NY, 10016-3240, USA

    Jennifer Brooks & Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte

  2. Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Case Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA

    Paul Cairns

  3. 307 East 63rd St. 3rd Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Jennifer Brooks

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Correspondence to Jennifer Brooks.

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Brooks, J., Cairns, P. & Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A. Promoter methylation and the detection of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 20, 1539–1550 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9415-y

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