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Sources and controls of organic carbon in lakes across the subarctic treeline

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Abstract

Abundant northern lakes have an intrinsic role in the transport, sequestration, and mineralization of terrestrial organic carbon. The quantity and quality of this carbon control vital aquatic biogeochemical processes, and influence the metabolic balance of lakes with subsequent impact on the global carbon cycle. We measured concentrations and type of dissolved organic matter and elemental and stable isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen in 31 subarctic lakes with varying catchment types across the treeline in northern Finland, integrating both the pelagic (lake water) and the benthic (surface sediments) carbon pools for a comprehensive understanding of landscape influence on aquatic carbon dynamics. Wetland cover was identified as the primary catchment control over the aquatic carbon pools, reflected particularly in the bio-optical properties of lake water. Landscape influence on sediment carbon content and composition, mirroring largely the structure and productivity of the aquatic communities, was primarily connected to allochthonous nutrient inputs fueling autotrophic production. Basin depth and benthic production were identified as important internal controls on the surface sediment geochemistry. Overall, our results suggest that shallow subarctic lakes will be particularly susceptible to climate-mediated changes in the export of terrestrial organic matter from wetlands. Whether the landscape influence will promote the channeling of terrestrial carbon into the atmosphere via aquatic ecosystems will strongly depend on the interplay between the biogeochemical characteristic of the allochthonous carbon inputs, terrestrial nutrient fluxes, and the depth of the recipient ecosystems.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Doctoral Program in Geosciences of University of Helsinki, Academy of Finland VIOLET project (#287547), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation. We are thankful to the personnel of the Kevo Subarctic Research Station for their helpfulness during the fieldwork, and to J. Kuha and T. Roiha for their insights on the spectral methodologies. We also wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable insights, and J. F. Lapierre for constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Marttiina V. Rantala, Annukka Galkin & Tomi P. Luoto

  2. Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland

    Liisa Nevalainen & Tomi P. Luoto

  3. Department of Fundamental Sciences & Centre for Northern Studies (CEN) & Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and Aquatic Environment (GRIL), Université du Québec á Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H 2B1, Canada

    Milla Rautio

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  1. Marttiina V. Rantala
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Rantala, M.V., Nevalainen, L., Rautio, M. et al. Sources and controls of organic carbon in lakes across the subarctic treeline. Biogeochemistry 129, 235–253 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0229-1

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