Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Nitrogen Cycling and Mass Balance for a Forested Catchment in the Italian Alps. Assessment of Nitrogen Status

  • Published:
Biogeochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During 1999–2001 the chemical composition and fluxes were measured in rainfall, throughfall, soil solution and stream water in a remote forested site in the Italian Alps. The analysis of temporal patterns revealed the differential behaviour of nitrogen and sulphur and suggested that different mechanisms controlled their flux. No important changes in sulphate concentration and fluxes emerged as the solution passed through the various components of the forest ecosystem, and temporal variations of SO4 in the soil solution and stream were likely driven by the physical process of dilution. The availability of nitrate and ammonia, by contrast, was drastically reduced as throughfall water entered the soil and passed through the mineral layers, irrespective of season. The calculated hydrochemical budget based on throughfall and soil solution N fluxes revealed that ~80% N retention in the forest soil, corresponding to 12 kg ha−1 yr−1, despite a relatively high N deposition loading (15 kg ha−1 yr−1). Most of the leached nitrogen (90%) was in the organic form. Indicators of the N status of this ecosystem, such as C/N ratio in solid and solution phase of the soil and N foliage content as well as land use history were examined. Despite the strong N retention in the forested part of the catchment, the stream water N–NO3 levels were consistently above 10 μg l−1 suggesting that the Val Masino catchment as a whole was less efficient in processing atmospheric N inputs. This contrasting N behaviour illustrates the role of landscape features, such as the soil cover and vegetation type, that is characteristic of an alpine catchment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • J.D. Aber K.J. Nadelhoffer P. Steudler J.M. Melillo (1989) ArticleTitleNitrogen saturation in northern forest ecosystems BioScience 39 378–386 Occurrence Handle10.2307/1311067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.D. Aber W. McDowell K.J. Nadelhoffer A. Magill G. Berntson M. Kamakea S. McNulty W. Currie L. Rustad I. Fernandez (1998) ArticleTitleNitrogen saturation in northern forest ecosystems: Hypothesis revisited BioScience 48 IssueID11 921–934 Occurrence Handle10.2307/1313296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • F. Alianello F.A. Biondi C. Ferrari G. Mecella L. Nisini (2002) ArticleTitleForest soil condition in the CONECOFOR Permanent Monitoring Plots and in Level I Network in Italy J. Limnol. 61 IssueID1 25–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen R.G., Pereira L.S., Raes D. and Smith M. 2001. Crop evapotranspiration guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage Paper No. 56 FAO, Rome.

  • M.A. Arthur T.J. Fahey (1993) ArticleTitleControl on soil solution chemistry in a subalpine forest in North-Central Colorado Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57 IssueID4 1122–1130 Occurrence Handle10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700040040x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azienda Regionale delle Foreste 1998. Soil experiments to improve the knowledge of the atmospheric pollution. Report CE 94.60 IT.00.90 (Reg.CEE 2157/92).

  • R. Balestrini A. Tagliaferri (2001) ArticleTitleAtmospheric deposition and canopy exchange processes in alpine forest ecosystems (Northern Italy) Atmos. Environ. 35/36 6421–6433 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00350-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Balestrini L. Galli G. Tartari (2000) ArticleTitleWet and dry atmospheric deposition at prealpine and alpine sites in northern Italy Atmos. Environ. 34/39 1455–1470 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00404-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Balestrini C. Arese M. Prina (2002) ArticleTitleNitrogen retention and export in an alpine catchment in Valtellina: an example from the Italian Alps J. Aust. Forest. 119 IssueID3/4 205–216

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Ballarin-Denti S.M. Cocucci F. Sartori (1998) Monitoraggio delle foreste sotto stress ambientale Fondazione Lombardia Ambiente Milano

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Baron (1992) Biogeochemical fluxes J. Baron (Eds) Biogeochemistry of a Subalpine Ecosystem Springer-Verlag New York 218–231

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Bobbink M. Hornung J.G.M. Roelofs (1998) ArticleTitleThe effects of air-borne nitrogen pollutants on species diversity in natural and semi-natural European vegetation J. Ecol. 86 IssueID5 717–738 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.8650717.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D.A. Burns (2004) ArticleTitleThe effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Southern Wyoming, USA – a critical review Environ. Pollut. 127 257–269 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00264-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D.H. Campbell D.W. Clow G.P. Ingersoll M.A. Mast N.E. Spahr J.T. Turk (1995) ArticleTitleProcesses controlling the chemistry of 2 snowmelt-dominated streams in the Rocky-Mountains Water Resour. Res. 31 IssueID11 2811–2821 Occurrence Handle10.1029/95WR02037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D.H. Campbell J.S. Baron K.A. Tonnessen P.D. Brooks P.F. Schuster (2000a) ArticleTitleControls of nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds Water Resour. Res. 36 IssueID1 37–47 Occurrence Handle10.1029/1999WR900283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.L. Campbell W. Hornbeck W.H. McDowell D.C. Buso J.B. Shanley G.E. Likens (2000b) ArticleTitleDissolved organic nitrogen budgets for uplandforested ecosystems in New England Biogeochemistry 49 IssueID2 123–142 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006383731753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • I.F. Creed L.E. Band N.W. Foster I.K. Morrison J.A. Nicolson R.S. Semkin D.S. Jeffries (1996) ArticleTitleRegulation of nitrate-N release from temperate forests: A test of the N flushing hypothesis Water Resour. Res. 32 3337–3354 Occurrence Handle10.1029/96WR02399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C.S. Cronan D.F. Grigal (1995) ArticleTitleUse of Ca/Al ratios as indicators of stress in forest ecosystems J. Environ. Qual. 24 209–226

    Google Scholar 

  • D.B. Dail E.A. Davidson J. Chorover (2001) ArticleTitleRapid abiotic transformation of nitrate in acid forest soil Biogeochemistry 54 131–146 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1010627431722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E.A. Davidson J. Chorover D.B. Dail (2003) ArticleTitleA mechanism of abiotic immobilization of nitrate in forest ecosystems: the ferrous wheel hypothesis Glob. Change Biol. 9 228–236 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00592.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Vries W., Reinds G.J., van Kerkvoorde M.S., Hendriks C.M.A., Leeters E.E.J.M., Gross C.P., Voogd J.C.H. and Vel E.M. 2000. Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe. Technical Report EC UN/ECEBrussels, Geneva.

  • De Vries W., Reinds G.J., van der Salm C., Draaijers G.P.J., Bleeker A., Erisman J.W., Auee J., Gundersen P., Kristensen H.L., van Dobben H., de Zwart D., Derome J., Voogd J.C.H. and Vel E.M. 2001. Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe. Technical Report EC UN/ECEBrussels, Geneva.

  • N.B. Dise R.F. Wright (1995) ArticleTitleNitrogen leaching from European forests in relation to nitrogen deposition Forest Ecol. Manag. 71 153–161 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0378-1127(94)06092-W

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C.T. Driscoll R.D. Fuller W.D. Schecher (1989) ArticleTitleThe role of organic acids in the acidification of surface waters in the eastern US Water Air Soil Poll. 43 21–40 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00175580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B.A. Emmett B. Reynolds P.A. Stevens D.A. Norris S. Hughes J. Gorres I. Lubrecht (1993) ArticleTitleNitrate leaching from afforested Welsh catchments-interactions between stand age and nitrogen deposition AMBIO 22 IssueID6 386–394

    Google Scholar 

  • M.E. Fenn M.A. Poth J.D. Aber J.S. Baron B.T. Bormann D.W. Johnson A.D. Lemly S.G. McNulty D.F. Ryan R. Stottlemyer (1998) ArticleTitleNitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: predisposing factors, ecosystem responseand management strategies Ecol. Appl. 8 IssueID3 706–733

    Google Scholar 

  • M.C. Fisk S.K. Schmidt T.R. Seastedt (1998) ArticleTitleTopographic patterns of above- and belowground production and nitrogen cycling in alpine tundra Ecology 79 IssueID7 2253–2266 Occurrence Handle10.2307/176820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Flury H. Flühler W.A. Jury J. Leuenberger (1994) ArticleTitleSusceptibility of soils to peferential flow of water A field study. Water Res. Res. 30 1945–1954

    Google Scholar 

  • N.W. Foster J.A. Nicolson P.W. Hazlett (1989) ArticleTitleTemporal variation in nitrate and nutrient cations in drainage waters from a deciduous forest J. Environ. Qual. 18 238–244

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Friedland E. Miller J. Battles J. Thorne (1991) ArticleTitleNitrogen deposition, distribution and cycling in a subalpine spruce-fir forest in the Adirondacks, NY, USA Biogeochemistry 14 31–55 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00000885

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A.J. Friedland E.K. Miller (1999) ArticleTitleMajor-element cycling in a high elevation Adirondack Forest: patterns and changes, 1986–1996 Ecol. Appl. 9 IssueID3 958–967

    Google Scholar 

  • P.S. Gilliam M.B. Adams B.M. Yurish (1996) ArticleTitleEcosystems nutrient responses to chronic nitrogen inputs at Fernow Experimental ForestWest Virginia Can. J. Forest Res. 26 196–205 Occurrence Handle10.1139/x26-023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C.L. Goodale J.D. Aber W.H. McDowell (2000) ArticleTitleThe long-term effects of disturbance on organic and inorganic nitrogen export in the White Mountains, New Hampshire Ecosystems 3 433–450 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s100210000039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Guggenberger W. Zech (1994) ArticleTitleComposition and dynamics of dissolved organic carbohydrates and lignin-degradation products in two coniferous forests, N.E. BavariaGermany Soil Biol. Biochem. 26 19–27 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-0717(94)90191-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Guggenberger K. Kaiser (2003) ArticleTitleDissolved organic matter in soil: challenging the paradigm of sorptive preservation Geoderma 113 293–310 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00366-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Gundersen L. Rasmussen (1990) ArticleTitleNitrification in forest soils: effects from nitrogen deposition on soil acidification and aluminum release Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 113 1–39

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Gundersen B.A. Emmett O.J. Kjonaas C.J. Koopmans A. Tietema (1998a) ArticleTitleImpact of nitrogen deposition on nitrogen cycling in forests: a synthesis of NITREX data Forest Ecol. Manag. 101 37–55 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00124-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Gundersen I. Callesen W. Vries ParticleDe (1998b) ArticleTitleNitrate leaching in forest ecosystems is related to forest floor C:N ratios Environ. Poll. 102 403–407 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0269-7491(98)80060-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L.O. Hedin J.J. Armesto A.H. Johnson (1995) ArticleTitlePatterns of nutrient loss from unpollutedold-growth temperate forests: evaluation of biogeochemical theory Ecology 76 IssueID2 493–509 Occurrence Handle10.2307/1941208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D.W. Johnson (1992) ArticleTitleNitrogen retention in forest soils J. Environ. Qual. 21 1–12 Occurrence Handle10.2134/jeq1992.2111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D.W. Johnson D.E. Todd (1983) ArticleTitleRelationship among iron, aluminiumcarbon, and sulfate in a variety of forest soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47 792–800 Occurrence Handle10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700040035x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D.W. Johnson W. Cheng I.C. Burke (2000) ArticleTitleBiotic and abiotic nitrogen retention in a variety of forest soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 641 1503–1514 Occurrence Handle10.2136/sssaj2000.6441503x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Kalbitz S. Solinger J.H. Park B. Michalzik E. Matzner (2000) ArticleTitleControls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soil: a review Soil Sci. 165 IssueID4 277–304 Occurrence Handle10.1097/00010694-200004000-00001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall C., Campbell D.H., Burns D.A., Shanely J.B., Silva S.R. and Chang C.C.Y. 1995. Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using the oxygen and nitrogen isotopic composition of nitrate. In: Tonnessen K.A., Williams M.W. and Tranter M.(eds.), Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments. IAHS Publication no. 228, pp. 339–347.

  • J. Kopacek J. Kana H. Santruckowa T. Picek E. Stuchlik (2004) ArticleTitleChemical and biochemical characteristics of alpine soils in the Tatra Mountains and their correlation with lake water quality Water Air Soil Poll. 153 307–327 Occurrence Handle10.1023/B:WATE.0000019948.23456.14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Lajtha B. Seely I. Valiela (1995) ArticleTitleRetention and leaching losses of atmospherically-derived nitrogen in the aggrading coastal watershed of Waquoit Bay, MA Biogeochemistry 28 33–54 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02178060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G.E. Likens C.T. Driscol D.C. Buso M.J. Mitchell G.M. Lovett S.W. Bailey T.G. Siccama W.A. Reiners C. Alewell (2002) ArticleTitleThe biogeochemistry of sulfur at Hubbard Brook Biogeochemistry 60 235–316 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1020972100496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G.M. Lovett S.E. Lindberg (1993) ArticleTitleAtmospheric deposition and canopy interactions of nitrogen in forests Can. J. For. Res. 23 603–1616

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Lundstrom N. Breemen Particlevan D. Bain (2000) ArticleTitleThe podzolization process. A review Geoderma 94 91–107 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0016-7061(99)00036-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A.H. Magill M.R. Downs K.J. Nadelhoffer R.A. Hallett J.D. Aber (1996) ArticleTitleForest ecosystem response to four years of chronic NO3 and SO4 additions at Bear Brooks WatershedMaineU.S.A Forest Ecol. Manag. 84 29–37 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0378-1127(96)03775-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matteucci G., Magnani E., Riguzzi F. and Scarascia Mugnozza G. 1999. Foliar nutrient concentrations as possible indicators for the status and changes of permanent monitoring plots. In: Istituto Sperimentale per la Selvicoltura per la Selvicoltura (eds.), Special Issue on Integrated and Combined (I&C) Evaluation of Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystem in Italy. Concepts, Methods and First Results ArezzoItaly, pp. 99–105.

  • S.G. Mc Nulty J.D. Aber S.D. Newman (1996) ArticleTitleNitrogen saturation in a high elevation spuce-fir stand Forest Ecol. Manag. 84 109–121 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0378-1127(96)03742-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W.H. McDowell G.E. Likens (1988) ArticleTitleOrigin, composition, and flux of dissolved organic carbon in the Hubbard Brook valley Ecol. Monogr. 58 177–195 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2937024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. Michalzik K. Kalbitz J.H. Park S. Solinger E. Matzner (2001) ArticleTitleFluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen – a synthesis for temperate forests Biogeochemistry 52 173–205 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006441620810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministero dell’Ambiente 2001. Relazione sullo stato dell′ambiente. Government Printing OfficeRoma, Italy.

  • M. Mitchell C.T. Driscoll J.S. Owen D. Schaffer R. Michener D.J. Raynal (2001) ArticleTitleNitrogen biochemistry of three hardwood ecosystems in the Adirondack Region of New York Biogeochemistry 56 93–133 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1013001710569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosello R., Brizzio M.C., Kotzias D., Marchetto A., Rembges D. and Tartari G.A. 2002a. The chemistry of atmospheric deposition in Italy in the framework of the National Programme for Forest Ecosystem Control. In: Mosello R, Petriccione BMarchetto A (eds.), Long-term Ecological Research in Italian Forest Ecosystems. J. Limnol. 61: 77–92.

  • Mosello R., Derome J., Derome K., Ulrich E., Dahlin T., Marchetto A. and Tartari G. 2002b. Atmospheric deposition and soil solution Working Ring Test 2002. EC Technical Report, Fontainebleu, France.

  • J.C. Neff G.P. Asner (2001) ArticleTitleDissolved organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems: synthesis and a model Ecosystems 4 29–48 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s100210000058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S.S. Perakis L.O. Hedin (2001) ArticleTitleFluxes and fates of nitrogen in soil of an unpolluted old-growth temperate forestsouthern Chile Ecology 82 IssueID8 2245–2260 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2680229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S.S. Perakis L.O. Hedin (2002) ArticleTitleNitrogen losses from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds Nature 415 416–418 Occurrence Handle10.1038/415416a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Piirainen L. Finér M. Starr (1998) ArticleTitleCanopy and soil retention of nitrogen deposition in a mixed boreal forest in Eastern Finland Water Air Soil Poll. 105 165–174 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1005052030998

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Posch M., Hettelingh J.P., de Smet P.A.M. and Downing R.J. 1997. Calculation and Mapping of Critical Thresholds in Europe. CCE Status Report RIVM Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

  • R. Qualls B.L. Haines (1992) ArticleTitleBiodegradability of dissolved organic matter in forest throughfall, soil solution, and stream water Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56 578–586 Occurrence Handle10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600020038x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Qualls B.L. Haines W.T. Swank (1991) ArticleTitleFluxes of dissolved organic nutrients and humic substances in a deciduous forest ecosystem Ecology 72 254–266 Occurrence Handle10.2307/1938919

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Schleppi N. Muller H. Feyen A. Papritz Y.B. Bucher H. Fluhler (1998) ArticleTitleNitrogen budgets of two small forested catchments at Alptal, Switzerland Forest Ecol. Manag. 101 177–185 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00134-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O.J. Sickman J.M. Melack J.L. Stoddard (2002) ArticleTitleRegional analysis of inorganic yield and retention in high-elevation ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains Biogeochemistry 57/58 341–374 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1016564816701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D.G. Silsbee G.L. Larson (1983) ArticleTitleA comparison of streams in logged and unlogged areas of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Hydrobiologia 102 99–111 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00006073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Solinger K. Kalbitz E. Matzner (2001) ArticleTitleControls on the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in a Central European deciduous forest Biogeochemistry 55 327–349 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1011848326013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.L. Stoddard (1994) Long-term changes in watershed retention of nitrogen L.E. Baker (Eds) Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs American Chemical Society Washington, DC 224–284

    Google Scholar 

  • J.L. Stoddard D.S. Jeffries A. Lukewille T.A. Clair P.J. Dillon C.T. Driscoll M. Forsius M. Johannessen J.S. Kahl J.H. Kellogg A. Kemp J. Mannio D.T. Monteith P.S. Murdoch S. Patrick A. Rebsdorf B.L. Skjelkvale M.P. Stainton T. Traaen H. Dam Particlevan K.E. Webster J. Wieting A. Wilander (1999) ArticleTitleRegional trends in aquatic recovery from acidification in North America and Europe Nature 401 575–578 Occurrence Handle10.1038/44114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Stottlemeyer (1997) ArticleTitleStream water chemistry in watersheds receiving different atmospheric inputs of H + , NH4 + , NO3 −, and SO4 2− J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 33 IssueID4 767–779

    Google Scholar 

  • M.A. Sutton D. Fowler J.K. Burkhardt C. Milford (1995) ArticleTitleVegetation atmosphere exchange of ammonia: canopy cycling and the impacts of elevated nitrogen inputs Water Air Soil Poll. 85 2057–2063 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01186137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Tietema (1998) ArticleTitleMicrobial carbon and nitrogen dynamics in coniferous forest floor material collected along a European nitrogen deposition gradient Forest Ecol. Manag. 101 29–36 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00122-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Traaen T.S. and Stoddard J.L. 1995. An Assessment of Nitrogen Leaching from Watersheds included in ICP on Waters. NIVA Report 86001, Oslo.

  • H.B. Tukey (1970) ArticleTitleThe leaching of substances from plants Ann. Rev. Pl. Phis. 21 305–324 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.pp.21.060170.001513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner R.S., Johnson D.W., Elwood J.W., van Winkle W., Clapp R.B. and Reuss J.O. 1986. Factors affecting response of surface waters to acidic deposition. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report TM-9787, Oak RidgeTN.

  • UN-ECE 1998. Manual on methods and criteria for harmonised sampling, assessmentmonitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. Programme Coordinating Centre Federal research Centre for Forestry and Forest Product (Ed.), Hamburg.

  • H. Miegroet ParticleVan D.W. Cole N.W. Foster (1992) Nitrogen distribution and cycling D.W. Johnson S.E. Linberg (Eds) Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling Springer-Verlag NY, USA 178–196

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Vanderbilt K. Lajtha F. Swanson (2002) ArticleTitleBiogeochemistry of unpolluted watersheds in the Oregon Cascades: temporal patterns of precipitation and stream nitrogen fluxes Biogeochemistry 62 87–112 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1021171016945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Vitousek J. Aber R.W. Howarth G.E. Likens P.A. Matson D.W. Schindler W.H. Schlesinger G.D. Tilman (1997) ArticleTitleHuman alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: causes and consequences Issues Ecol. 1 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright R.F., Alewell C., Cullen J.M., Evans C.D., Marchetto A., Moldan F., Prechtel A. and Rogora M. 2001. Trends in nitrogen deposition and leaching in acid-sensitive streams in Europe. In: Jenkis A., Ferrier R.C. and Wright R.F. (eds), Assessment of Recovery of European Surface Waters from Acidification 1970–2000. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 5(3): 299–310.

  • R.F. Wright (1998) ArticleTitleEffect of increased carbon dioxide and temperature on runoff chemistry at a forested catchment in southern Norway (CLIMEX project) Ecosystems 1 IssueID2 216–225 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s100219900017

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), via della Mornera 25, 20047, Brugherio, Italy

    Raffaella Balestrini & Norma Di Martino

  2. Department of Aquatic, Watershed, and Earth Resources and Department of Forest, Range and Wildlife Sciences, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-5230, USA

    Helga Van Miegroet

Authors
  1. Raffaella Balestrini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Norma Di Martino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Helga Van Miegroet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raffaella Balestrini.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Balestrini, R., Di Martino, N. & Van Miegroet, H. Nitrogen Cycling and Mass Balance for a Forested Catchment in the Italian Alps. Assessment of Nitrogen Status. Biogeochemistry 78, 97–123 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-3429-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-3429-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation