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The recent evolution of pentachlorophenol (PCP)-4-monooxygenase (PcpB) and associated pathways for bacterial degradation of PCP

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Abstract

Man-made polychlorinated phenols such as pentachlorophenol (PCP) have been used extensively since the 1920s as preservatives to prevent fungal attack on wood. During this time, they have become serious environmental contaminants. Despite the recent introduction of PCP in the environment on an evolutionary time scale, PCP-degrading bacteria are present in soils worldwide. The initial enzyme in the PCP catabolic pathway of numerous sphingomonads, PCP-4-monooxygenase (PcpB), catalyzes the para-hydroxylation of PCP to tetrachlorohydroquinone and is encoded by the pcpB gene. This review examines the literature concerning pcpB and supports the suggestion that pcpB/PcpB should be considered a model system for the study of recent evolution of catabolic pathways among bacteria that degrade xenobiotic molecules introduced into the environment during the recent past.

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Abbreviations

PCP:

pentachlorophenol

LGT:

lateral gene transfer

MAAI:

maleylacetate isomerase

ORF:

open reading frame

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

RFLP:

restriction fragment length polymorphism

DCHQ:

dichlorohydroquinone

TCP:

trichlorophenol

DCP:

dichlorophenol

TCBQ:

trichlorobenzoquinone

TCHQ:

tetrachlorohydroquinone

GSH:

glutathione

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Acknowledgement

Metagenomic analyses reported here were supported by grant 1-R21ES012814 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

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  1. Carina M. Jung

    Present address: National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFT-250, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA

  2. Janice L. Strap

    Present address: Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street N, Oshawa, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Biotechnology Institute, Food Research Center 202, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-1052, USA

    Ronald L. Crawford, Carina M. Jung & Janice L. Strap

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Correspondence to Ronald L. Crawford.

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Crawford, R.L., Jung, C.M. & Strap, J.L. The recent evolution of pentachlorophenol (PCP)-4-monooxygenase (PcpB) and associated pathways for bacterial degradation of PCP. Biodegradation 18, 525–539 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-006-9090-6

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