Abstract
In eastern North America, the exotic invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, attacks pines (Pinus spp.) and often shares larval habitat with the native woodwasp, Sirex nigricornis. The parasitic nematode, Deladenus siricidicola, has been used widely in the southern hemisphere as a biological control agent because it sterilizes female S. noctilio. This nematode was introduced accidentally to North America along with S. noctilio. Historical reports indicate nematode-woodwasp fidelity: the parasitic nematode, D. siricidicola, exclusively infects S. noctilio, and the native nematode, Deladenus proximus, exclusively infects S. nigricornis. From two sites in southern Ontario, separated by 225 km, we collected woodwasps from three Pinus sylvestris, and identified the nematode species present in the abdomens of infected wasps. Both wasp species co-occurred in all three trees. D. siricidicola was present in the haemocoel, but not inside the eggs, of infected S. noctilio and S. nigricornis. This evidence suggests horizontal transmission of D. siricidicola likely occurred from S. noctilio to S. nigricornis.
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Acknowledgments
Authors thank Sarah Drabble, Chuck Davis, Nick Boyonoski, Sarah Crispell, Katelyn Kotska, Chanel Fall, Cydney Mihell, and Shannon Escasa for field and lab assistance; Al Foley for access to the Ontario Tree Seed Facility; and Taylor Scarr from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources for funding. This collaborative work was funded in part by Natural Resources Canada, The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and the USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Protection.
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Haavik, L.J., Yu, Q., Turgeon, J.J. et al. Horizontal transmission of a parasitic nematode from a non-native to a native woodwasp?. Biol Invasions 18, 355–358 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-1030-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-1030-0