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A multi-scale approach to identify invasion drivers and invaders’ future dynamics

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Abstract

Climate, land use and disturbances are well known drivers of invasion. However, their relative influence may change across spatial scales, where climate is expected to be the main filter at broad scales; land use is expected to have more influence at intermediate scales, and disturbance, at fine ones. Understanding the underlying processes that drive invasion patterns at different spatial scales is thus crucial to be able to anticipate the future spread of invaders. Here, we quantified the relative importance of climate, land use, and disturbance on the distribution of the invasive trees Ailanthus altissima and Robinia pseudoacacia, across three nested spatial scales, namely global, country (Spain) and riverbank (three riparian riverbanks). To do so, for each species and scale, we built ensemble species distribution models. We also identified their range filling and inferred the most suitable areas in Spain for them to spread. In general, our study confirms that climate acts as an initial coarse filter of species distribution, whilst both climate and land use were important at the country scale; at the riverbank scale human-mediated disturbances gained importance. However, R. pseudoacacia and A. altissima showed differences in their degree of range filling, where A. altissima has a higher potential for range expansion in the near future. Overall, the integration of different scales into invasion studies shows a great potential to enrich our understanding of species-habitat relationships, and to help anticipate their future dynamics.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to specially thank Wilfried Thuiller for his helpful ideas and support. We are grateful to Guillermo Valle Torres, Mónica Otero de Jesús and all the forest agents from Gipuzkoa, Zaragoza and El Parque Regional del Sureste who got involved in the field survey. We also thank Damien Georges and Julien Renaud for their valuable help with data management. We finally thank Ricardo Gómez Calmaestra (MAGRAMA) for providing us with data from the Atlas of the Invasive Aloctonous Plants of Spain. This study was supported by the Project CGL2010-16388/BOS of the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Competitiveness and POII10-0179-4700 of the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha and by the network REMEDINAL3-CM MAE-2719. ICR was supported by a Grant of the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU fellowship, AP2010-1513) and by a Grant of the Alcalá University. PCD acknowledges CONICYT (Ministry of Education, Chile Government) for granting her stay at Concepción University (“Concurso de atracción de Capital Humano Extranjero-MEC” program).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Unidad Docente de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, N-II, Km 33.6, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

    Isabel Cabra-Rivas, Asunción Saldaña & Pilar Castro-Díez

  2. LECA, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Laure Gallien

  3. CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France

    Laure Gallien

  4. Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    Laure Gallien

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  1. Isabel Cabra-Rivas
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  2. Asunción Saldaña
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  3. Pilar Castro-Díez
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  4. Laure Gallien
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Correspondence to Isabel Cabra-Rivas.

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Cabra-Rivas, I., Saldaña, A., Castro-Díez, P. et al. A multi-scale approach to identify invasion drivers and invaders’ future dynamics. Biol Invasions 18, 411–426 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-1015-z

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