The possibilities of using modern photon and neutron detectors for developing radiation monitors, specifically, LaBr3, Bi4Ge3O12, CdWO4, LiI, ZnO, Lu2SiO5(Ce), CdTe, and HgI2, microtubes from organic scintillators, nanomaterials, and detectors based on gaseous and solid-state electronic multipliers are examined. A comparison is made of conventional detectors based on NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl), plastic scintillators, and 3He counters. The advantages of the new detectors are better energy resolution, high detection efficiency, low supply voltage, processing convenience, and cost. These detectors will increase the sensitivity of radiation monitors in monitoring unauthorized transport of nuclear and other radioactive materials, identify in real time the materials being monitored, and simplify the detecting apparatus and the development of monitors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Catalogue of Devices for Inventorying and Monitoring Nuclear Materials, VNIIA, Moscow (2009), 3rd edition.
V. V. Kamanin, A. Kugler, Yu. G. Sobolev, et al., “Comparative analysis of the characteristics of NaI(Tl) and Bi4Ge3O12 crystals for neutron and γ-ray detection,” Prib. Tekh. Eksp., No. 6, 61–64 (1988).
Y. Shirakawa, “Development of a direction finding gamma-ray detector,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 263, 58–62 (2007).
M. Miller, R. Bidlle, S. Burret, et al., “Neutron detections and applications using a BC454/BGO array,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 422, 89–94 (1999).
V. G. Baryshevskii, M. V. Korzhik, V. I. Moroz, et al., “YAlO3:Ce – fast-response scintillators of ionizing radiation detectors,” Prib. Tekh. Eksp., No. 3, 86–90 (1992).
R. Nicolini, F. Camera, N. Blasi, et al., “Investigation of properties of a 1 × 1 LaBr3:Ce scintillator,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 552, 554–552 (2007).
V. A. Demindenko, E. I. Gorokhova, I. V. Khodiuk, et al., “Scintillation properties of ceramics based on zinc oxide,” Rad. Meas., 42, 549–552 (2007).
M. Katagiri, K. Sakassi, M. Matsubayashi, et al., “Scintillation materials for neutron imaging detectors,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 529, 274–276 (2004).
Z. Tkhet and V. N. Belyaev, x-Ray and Annihilation Radiation Detectors Based on LSO Crystals, MIFI, Moscow (2007).
L. Nagornaya, G. Onychenko, E. Pirogov, et al., “Production of the high-quality CdWO4 single crystals for application in CT and radiometric monitoring,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 537, 163–167 (2005).
V. Ryzhikov, L. Nagornaya, V. Volkov, et al., “Thermal neutron detectors based on oxide crystals,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 486, 156–159 (2002).
N. V. Klassen and Yu. A. Osipyan, Particulars of the Properties and Applications Prospects of Nanocrystalline Scintillators, IFTT RAN, Moscow (2005).
V. I. Beresnev, V. B. Biteman, Yu. M. Vinetskaya, et al., “Spectrally shifting lightguides for scintillation and Cherenkov large-size detectors,” At. Énerg., 64, No. 3, 215–219 (1988).
G. N. Ignatiev, A. V. Radostin, D. S. Semenov, and S. A. Shubin, “Liquid scintillator based gamma-neutron detector for monitoring radioactive materials,” in: 14th Seminar on Spectroscopic Analysis. Apparatus and Data Processing on a PC, Obninsk (2007), p. 6.
S. E. Ulin, V. V. Dmitrenko, V. M. Grachev, et al., “Cylindrical ionization chamber with a screening grid, filled with xenon to pressure 50 atm,” Prib. Tekh. Eksp., No. 4, 46–49 (1995).
V. S. Rudenko, A. M. Petrov, V. I. Timoshin, et al., Tests of a System for Nondestructive Analysis of Plutonium during Its Conversion, LA-UR-05-4771, Los Alamos (2005).
V. V. Levenets, A. P. Omelnik, A. A. Shchur, et al., “Gamma- and alpha-radiation spectrometry with semiconductor detector based on CdTe (CdZnTe) fabricated at the National Science Center Kharkov Physico-Technical Institute,” in: Abstr. 9th Int. Conf. on Problems of Applied Spectrometry and Radiometry, Zarechnyi, Russia (2005), p. 25.
V. M. Zaletin, O. V. Krivozubov, M. A. Torlin, and V. I. Fomin, “Energy resolution of HgI2 x- and γ-ray detectors,” At. Énerg., 63, No. 2, 140–141 (1987).
Yu. K. Akimov, O. V. Ignatiev, A. I. Kalinin, and V. F. Kushniruk, Semiconductor Detectors in Experimental Physics, Energoatomizdat, Moscow (1989).
K. Yoshiyuki, M. Yoshinori, K. Satoshi, et al., “Application of a fiber optic grating sensor for the measurement of strain under irradiation environment,” Nucl. Eng. Desing, 217, 283–285 (2002).
J. H. Baker, N. Z. Galunov, V. P. Seminozhenko, et al., “A combined NaI(Tl) + LiI(Eu) detector for environmental geological and security applications,” Rad. Measur., 42, 937–940 (2007).
K. D. Ianakiev, M. T. Swinhoe, A. Favalli, et al., “6Li foil scintillation sandwich thermal neutron detector,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 623, 1035–1045 (2010).
A. F. Buzulutskov, “Radiation detectors based on gaseous electron multipliers,” Prib. Tekh. Eksp., No. 3, 5–30 (2007).
V. D. Ryzhikov, P. E. Stadnik, and Yu. A. Yakovlev, “Prospects for the development of scintillator–photodiode system,” ibid., No. 2, 6–16 (1984).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 110, No. 3, pp. 154–163, March, 2011.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shumakov, A.V., Sviridov, A.S. & Kolesnikov, S.V. Modern detectors for radiation monitors. At Energy 110, 184–194 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-011-9409-1
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-011-9409-1