Abstract
The distribution of young open clusters in the Galactic plane within 3 kpc from the Sun suggests the existence of the outer ring \(R_{1}R_{2}'\) in the Galaxy. The optimum value of the solar position angle with respect to the major axis of the bar, \(\theta_{\mathrm{b}}\), providing the best agreement between the distribution of open clusters and model particles is \(\theta_{\mathrm{b}}=35\pm10^{\circ}\). The kinematical features obtained for young open clusters and OB-associations with negative Galactocentric radial velocity \(V_{R}\) indicate the solar location near the descending segment of the outer ring \(R_{2}\).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler, D.S., Roberts, W.W.: Astrophys. J. 384, 95 (1992)
Amôres, E.B., Lepine, J.R.D.: Astron. J. 130, 659 (2005)
Athanassoula, E., Romero-Gómez, M., Bosma, A., Masdemont, J.J.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 407, 1433 (2010)
Baumgardt, H., Dettbarn, C., Wielen, R.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 146, 251 (2000)
Benjamin, R.A., et al.: Astrophys. J. 630, L149 (2005)
Berdnikov, L.N., Dambis, A.K., Vozyakova, O.V.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 143, 211 (2000)
Binney, J., Gerhard, O., Stark, A.A., Bally, J., Uchida, K.I.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 252, 210 (1991)
Bissantz, N., Englmaier, P., Gerhard, O.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 340, 949 (2003)
Blaha, C., Humphreys, R.M.: Astron. J. 98, 1598 (1989)
Blitz, L., Spergel, D.N.: Astrophys. J. 379, 631 (1991)
Bobylev, V.V., Baikova, A.T.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 408, 1788 (2010)
Bobylev, V.V., Baikova, A.T.: Astron. Lett. 38, 638 (2012)
Bressan, A., Marigo, P., Girardi, L., Salasnich, B., Dal Cero, C., Rubele, S., Nanni, A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 427, 127 (2012)
Burton, W.B., Bania, T.M.: Astron. Astrophys. 33, 425 (1974)
Buta, R.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 96, 39 (1995)
Buta, R., Combes, F.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 17, 95 (1996)
Buta, R., Crocker, D.A.: Astron. J. 102, 1715 (1991)
Buta, R., Corwin, H.G., Odewahn, S.C.: The de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2007)
Byrd, G., Rautiainen, P., Salo, H., Buta, R., Crocker, D.A.: Astron. J. 108, 476 (1994)
Cabrera-Lavers, A., Hammersley, P.L., González-Fernández, C., López-Corredoira, M., Garzón, F., Mahoney, T.J.: Astron. Astrophys. 465, 825 (2007)
Cardelli, J.A., Clayton, G.C., Mathis, J.S.: Astrophys. J. 345, 245 (1989)
Carraro, G., Turner, D., Majaess, D., Baume, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 555, 50 (2013)
Churchwell, E., et al.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 121, 213 (2009)
Comerón, S., et al.: Astron. Astrophys. 562, 121 (2014)
Contopoulos, G., Grosbol, P.: Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 1, 261 (1989)
Contopoulos, G., Papayannopoulos, T.: Astron. Astrophys. 92, 33 (1980)
Contopoulos, G., Patsis, P.A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 369, 1039 (2006)
Dambis, A.K., Mel’nik, A.M., Rastorguev, A.S.: Astron. Lett. 21, 291 (1995)
Dambis, A.K.: Astron. Lett. 25, 7 (1999)
Dambis, A.K., Berdnikov, L.N., Kniazev, A.Y., Kravtsov, V.V., Rastorguev, A.S., Sefako, R., Vozyakova, O.V.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 435, 3206 (2013)
Debattista, V.P., Sellwood, J.A.: Astrophys. J. 543, 704 (2000)
Dehnen, W.: Astron. J. 119, 800 (2000)
Dias, W.S., Alessi, B.S., Moitinho, A., Lepine, J.R.D.: Astron. Astrophys. 389, 871 (2002)
Dias, W.S., Monteiro, H., Caetano, T.C., Lepine, J.R.D., Assafin, M., Oliveira, A.F.: Astron. Astrophys. 564, 79 (2014)
Efremov, Y.N., Sitnik, T.G.: Sov. Astron. Lett. 14, 347 (1988)
Englmaier, P., Gerhard, O.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 304, 512 (1999)
ESA: The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, ESA SP-1200, Noordwijk (1997)
Feast, M.W., Whitelock, P.A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 291, 683 (1997)
Feast, M.W., Laney, C.D., Kinman, T.D., van Leeuwen, F., Whitelock, P.A.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 386, 2115 (2008)
Francis, Ch., Anderson, E.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 441, 1105 (2014)
Fux, R.: Astron. Astrophys. 373, 511 (2001)
Georgelin, Y.M., Georgelin, Y.P.: Astron. Astrophys. 49, 57 (1976)
Glushkova, E.V.: Astron. Nachr. 334, 843 (2013)
Glushkova, E.V., Zabolotskikh, M.V., Rastorguev, A.S., Uglova, I.M., Fedorova, A.A., Volchkov, A.A.: Astron. Lett. 22, 764 (1996)
Glushkova, E.V., Zabolotskikh, M.V., Rastorguev, A.S., Uglova, I.M., Fedorova, A.A.: Astron. Lett. 23, 71 (1997)
Glushkova, E.V., Dambis, A.K., Mel’nik, A.M., Rastorguev, A.S.: Astron. Astrophys. 329, 514 (1998)
González-Fernández, C., López-Corredoira, M., Amôres, E.B., Minniti, D., Lucas, P., Toledo, I.: Astron. Astrophys. 546, 107 (2012)
Groenewegen, M.A.T., Udalski, A., Bono, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 481, 441 (2008)
Harsoula, M., Kalapotharakos, C.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 394, 1605 (2009)
Humphreys, R.M., McElroy, B.: Astrophys. J. 284, 565 (1984)
Kalnajs, A.J.: In: Sundelius, B. (ed.) Dynamics of Disk Galaxies, p. 323. Göteborgs University, Göthenburg (1991)
Kharchenko, N.V., Piskunov, A.E., Röser, S., Schilbach, E., Scholz, R.-D.: Astron. Astrophys. 558, 53 (2013)
Kholopov, P.N.: Sov. Astron. 24, 7 (1980)
Lin, C.C., Yuan, C., Shu, F.H.: Astrophys. J. 155, 721 (1969)
Liszt, H.S.: In: van Woerden, H., et al. (eds.) Proc. IAU Symp. 106, The Milky Way Galaxy, p. 283. Reidel, Dordrecht (1985)
Marshall, D.J., Robin, A.C., Reyle, C., Schultheis, M., Picaud, S.: Astron. Astrophys. 453, 635 (2006)
Mel’nik, A.M.: Astron. Lett. 29, 304 (2003)
Mel’nik, A.M.: Astron. Lett. 31, 80 (2005)
Mel’nik, A.M., Dambis, A.K.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 400, 518 (2009)
Mel’nik, A.M., Rautiainen, P.: Astron. Lett. 35, 609 (2009)
Mel’nik, A.M., Rautiainen, P.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 418, 2508 (2011)
Mel’nik, A.M., Rautiainen, P.: Astron. Nachr. 334, 777 (2013)
Mel’nik, A.M., Dambis, A.K., Rastorguev, A.S.: Astron. Lett. 25, 518 (1999)
Mel’nik, A.M., Dambis, A.K., Rastorguev, A.S.: Astron. Lett. 27, 521 (2001)
Mel’nik, A.M., Rautiainen, P., Berdnikov, L.N., Dambis, A.K., Rastorguev, A.S.: Astron. Nachr. 336, 70 (2015)
Mermilliod, J.-C.: Astron. Astrophys. 97, 235 (1981)
Mermilliod, J.-C.: Bull. Inform. CDS 40, 115 (1992)
Mermilliod, J.-C., Paunzen, E.: Astron. Astrophys. 410, 511 (2003)
Morales, E.F.E., Wyrowski, F., Schuller, F., Menten, K.: Astron. Astrophys. 560, 76 (2013)
Neckel, Th., Klare, G.: Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 42, 251 (1980)
Nikiforov, I.I.: Order and Chaos in Stellar and Planetary Systems. ASP Conf. Ser., vol. 316, p. 199. Astron. Soc. Pac, San Francisco (2004)
Paunzen, E., Netopil, M.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 371, 1641 (2006)
Pettitt, A.R., Dobbs, C.L., Acreman, D.M., Price, D.J.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 444, 919 (2014)
Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A., Wetterling, W.T., Kriz, S.: Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1987)
Rastorguev, A.S., Pavlovskaya, E.D., Durlevich, O.V., Filippova, A.A.: Astron. Lett. 20, 591 (1994)
Rautiainen, P., Mel’nik, A.M.: Astron. Astrophys. 519, 70 (2010)
Rautiainen, P., Salo, H.: Astron. Astrophys. 348, 737 (1999)
Rautiainen, P., Salo, H.: Astron. Astrophys. 362, 465 (2000)
Reid, M.J., Menten, K.M., Brunthaler, A., Zheng, X.W., Moscadelli, L., Xu, Y.: Astrophys. J. 693, 397 (2009a)
Reid, M.J., Menten, K.M., Zheng, X.W., Brunthaler, A., Xu, Y.: Astrophys. J. 705, 1548 (2009b)
Romero-Gómez, M., Athanassoula, E., Masdemont, J.J., García-Gómez, C.: Astron. Astrophys. 472, 63 (2007)
Russeil, D.: Astron. Astrophys. 397, 133 (2003)
Salo, H.: Astron. Astrophys. 243, 118 (1991)
Salo, H., Laurikainen, E.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 319, 377 (2000)
Schwarz, M.P.: Astrophys. J. 247, 77 (1981)
Sheth, K., et al.: Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 122, 1397 (2010)
Sitnik, T.G.: Astron. Lett. 29, 311 (2003)
Sitnik, T.G., Mel’nik, A.M.: Astron. Lett. 22, 422 (1996)
Sitnik, T.G., Mel’nik, A.M.: Astron. Lett. 25, 156 (1999)
Vallée, J.P.: Astron. J. 135, 1301 (2008)
Vallée, J.P.: Internet Java ActiveX Advis. 3, 20 (2013)
Voglis, N., Harsoula, M., Contopoulos, G.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 381, 757 (2007)
Volchkov, A.A., Kuz’min, A.V., Nesterov, V.V.: In: Gulyaev, A.P., Nesterov, V.V. (eds.) O Chetyrekhmillionnom Kataloge Zvezd (On the Four-Million Star Catalogue), p. 67. Izd. MGU, Moscow (1992)
Weiner, B.J., Sellwood, J.A.: Astrophys. J. 524, 112 (1999)
Xu, C., Buat, V., Boselli, A., Gavazzi, G.: Astron. Astrophys. 324, 32 (1997)
Zabolotskikh, M.V., Rastorguev, A.S., Dambis, A.K.: Astron. Lett. 28, 454 (2002)
Acknowledgements
We thank H. Salo for sharing his N-body code. We are grateful to O.K. Sil’chenko and A.S. Rastorguev for useful discussion. This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no 13-02-00203, 14-02-00472), and the joint grant by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Department of Science and Technology of India (project no. RFBR 15-52-45121—INT/RUS/RFBR/P-219). Analysis of open cluster data was supported by Russian Scientific Foundation grant no. 14-22-00041.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mel’nik, A.M., Rautiainen, P., Glushkova, E.V. et al. Evidence of the Galactic outer ring \(R_{1}R_{2}'\) from young open clusters and OB-associations. Astrophys Space Sci 361, 60 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-016-2656-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-016-2656-9