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Effects of seawater acidification on early development of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus

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Abstract

To explore the impact of CO2-induced seawater acidification on benthic echinoderms, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus inhabiting intertidal coastal zone in north China was utilized to evaluate the effects of seawater acidification on fertilization, embryogenesis and early larval development. Based on the projection of IPCC, present natural seawater condition (pH = 8.06 ± 0.01) and three laboratory-controlled acidified conditions (OA1, ΔpH = −0.3 units; OA2, ΔpH = −0.4 units; OA3, ΔpH = −0.5 units) were set up. Results showed that: (1) seawater acidification had no effect on fertilization; (2) early embryonic cleavage tended to be delayed and the proportion of aberrant cleavage increased in a dose-dependent manner with decreased pH; (3) the hatching rate of blastulae and larvae survival rate were both decreased with pH decline; and (4) larval abnormalities including impaired symmetry, elongated skeletal elements and corroded spicules were observed in all OA treatments as compared to control. All data observed in this study support the concern that the response of echinoderms to seawater acidification varies among species, and further research is required to clarify the specific cellular mechanisms involved.

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Abbreviations

IPCC:

Intergovernmental panel on climate change

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

OA:

Ocean acidification

DO:

Dissolved oxygen

FSW:

Filter seawater

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

KCl:

Potassium chloride

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to the reviewers gives us helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC No. 41206128), the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University (LNET No. LJQ2013079) and the National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program, No. 2012AA10A412).

Author contribution

Y.Y. Z. and Y.Q. C. conceived and designed the experiments. The experiments were performed by W.B. H., M.B. L., L.Z. D. and W.J. Z. Data were analyzed by Y.Y. Z., Y.Q. C. and C. L. The paper was written by Y.Y. Z. and W.B. H. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China

    Yaoyao Zhan, Wanbin Hu, Lizhu Duan, Minbo Liu, Weijie Zhang & Yaqing Chang

  2. College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China

    Cong Li

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  1. Yaoyao Zhan
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  2. Wanbin Hu
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  3. Lizhu Duan
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  4. Minbo Liu
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  5. Weijie Zhang
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  7. Cong Li
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yaqing Chang or Cong Li.

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Zhan, Y., Hu, W., Duan, L. et al. Effects of seawater acidification on early development of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus . Aquacult Int 25, 655–678 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0064-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0064-3

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