Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic hormone that enhances and stimulates the secretion of growth hormone; while myogenic factor 6 (MYF6) is a member of myogenic factors family regulating myogenesis and muscle regeneration. It has been shown that these two genes may associate with animal growth in previous studies. In this study, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within PACAP and MYF6 was determined with polymerase chain reaction–single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two SNPs, G42A within exon2 of PACAP and G137T within exon1 of MYF6, two alleles and three genotypes each, were detected. It was found that G42A significantly associated with total length, standard length, body depth, body width and body weight of male Nile tilapia (P < 0.05), and G137T significantly associated with total length, standard length, body depth and body weight (P < 0.05). SNPs within PACAP and MYF6 are promise for facilitating the marker-assisted selection of growth performance in Nile tilapia.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bober E, Lyons GE, Braun T, Cossu G, Buckingham M, Arnold AA (1991) The muscle regulatory gene, Myf-6, has a biphasic pattern of expression during early mouse development. J Cell Biol 113:1255–1265
Buonanno A, Apone L, Morasso MI, Beers R, Brenner HR, Eftimie R (1992) The MyoD family of myogenic factors is regulated by electrical activity: isolation and characterization of a mouse Myf-5 cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res 20:539–544
Cummings KJ, Klotz C, Liu WQ, Weese-Mayer DE, Marazita ML, Cooper ME, Berry-Kravis EM, Tobias R, Goldie C, Bech-Hansen NT, Wilson RJ (2009) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in African Americans: polymorphisms in the gene encoding the stress peptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Acta Paediatr 98:482–489
David A, Jessy A, Brent RB, Stephen CE, James AW (2011) Expression analysis of PAC1-R and PACAP genes in zebrafish embryos. J Mol Neurosci 43:94–100
Galloway TF, Bardal T, Kvam SN, Dahle SW, Nesse G, Randol M, Kjorsvik E, Andersen O (2006) Somite formation and expression of MyoD, myogenin and myosin in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) embryos incubated at different temperatures: transient asymmetric expression of MyoD. J Exp Biol 209:2432–2441
Hao RJ, Zan LS, Wang HB, Zhang XB, Gui LS, Zhao XL (2010) Effect of G3909A mutation in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide gene (PACAP) on the partial growth traits in Qinchuan cattle. J Agric Biotechnol 18:719–724
Hashimoto R, Hashimoto H, Shintani N, Chiba S, Hattori S, Okada T, Nakajima M, Tanaka K, Kawagishi N, Nemoto K, Mori T, Ohnishi T, Noguchi H, Hori H, Suzuki T, Iwata N, Ozaki N, Nakabayashi T, Saitoh O, Kosuga A, Tatsumi M, Kamijima K, Weinberger DR, Kunugi H, Baba A (2007) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is associated with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 12:1026–1032
Heifetz EM, Fulton JE, Sullivan NO, Zhao H, Dekkers JCM, Soller M (2005) Extent and consistency across generations of linkage disequilibrium in commercial layer chicken breeding population. Genetics 171:1173–1181
Ismihan K, Tariq E, Sedat K, Brendan JM, David JP (2003) Evidence for two unlinked “sex reversal” loci in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and for linkage of one of these to the red body colour gene. Aquculture 234:51–63
Juana ML (2011) Differential expression pattern of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) alternative splicing variants and its receptors in the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 30:734–738
Kerst B, Mennerich D, Schuelke M, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, von Moers A, Gossrau R, van Landeghem FK, Speer A, Braun T, Hubner C (2000) Heterozygous myogenic factor 6 mutation associated with myopathy and severe course of Becker muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 10:572–577
Kitzmann M, Fernandez A (2001) Crosstalk between cell cycle regulators and the myogenic factor MyoD in skeletal myoblasts. Cell Mol Life Sci 58:571–579
Koves K, Gorcs TJ, Kausz M, Arimura A (1994) Present status of knowledge about the distribution and colocalization of PACAP in the forebrain. Acta Biol Hung 45:297–321
Lassar AB, Buskin JN, Lockshon D, Davis RL, Apone S, Hauschka SD, Weintraub H (1989) MyoD is a sequence-special DNA biding protein requiring a region of myc homology to bind to the muscle creatine kinase enhancer. Cell 58:823–831
Li SF (1998) Germplasm studies on freshwater major farmed fish in China. Shanghai Scientific and Technical Press, Shanghai
Liu SC, Dai JW, Ren XH, Hao LL, Zhang YL (2009) Ectopic co-expression of growth hormone releasing hormone and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in skeletal muscle enhance animal growth. Prog Biochem Biophys 36:761–769
Madan MD (2000) The impact of genetically improved farmed Nile tilapia in Asia. Aquac Econ Manag 4:107–124
Matsuda K, Nejigaki Y, Satoh M, Shimaura C, Tanaka M, Kawamoto K, Uchiyama M, Kawauchi H, Shioda S, Takahashi A (2008) Effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on prolactin and somatolactin release from the goldfish pituitary in vitro. Regul Pept 145:72–79
Matsuzaki S, Tohyama M (2008) Regulation of pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP, ADCYAP1: adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide 1) in the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 12:1097–1108
Moghadam HK, Ferguson MM, Rexroad CE 3rd, Coulibaly I, Danzmann RG (2007) Genomic organization of the IGF1, IGF2, MYF5, MYF6 and GRF/PACAP genes across Salmoninae genera. Anim Genet 38:527–532
Montero M, Yon L, Rousseau K, Arimura A, Fournier A, Dufour S, Vaudry H (1998) Distribution, characterization, and growth hormone-releasing activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Endocrinology 139:4300–4310
Pullin RSV (1985) Tilapia ‘everyman’s fish’. Biologist 32:84–88
Sherwood NM, Adams BA, Isaac ER, Wu S, Fradinger EA (2007) Knocked down and out: PACAP in development, reproduction and feeding. Peptides 28:1680–1687
Sun WH, Zhu Q, Jiang XS, Du HR (2008) Genetic diversity and genetic effects of Myf6 gene in chickens. Heridity (Beijing) 30:71–76
Tao WJ, Boulding EG (2003) Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes and growth rate in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Heredity 91:60–69
Vidal-Puig A, Moller DE (1994) Comparative sensitivity of alternative single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) methods. Biotechniques 17:490–492
Wyszynska-Koko J, Pierzchala M, Flisikowski K, Kamyczek M, Rozycki M, Kuryl J (2006) Polymorphisms in coding and regulatory regions of the porcine MYF6 and MYOG genes and expression of the MYF6 gene in M. longissimus dorsi versus productive traits in pigs. J Appl Genet 47:131–138
Xu M, Long L, Chen L, Qin J, Zhang L, Yu N, Li E (2012) Cloning and differential expression pattern of pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide and the PACAP-specific receptor in darkbarbel catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 161:41–53
Yin HD, Zhang ZC, Lan X, Zhao XL, Wang Y, Zhu Q (2011) Association of MyF5, MyF6 and MyOG gene polymorphisms with carcass traits in Chinese meat type quality chicken populations. J Anim Vet Adv 10:704–708
Zhu YY, Liang HW, Li Z, Luo XZ, Li L, Zhang ZW, Zou GW (2012) Polymorphism of MSTN gene and its association with growth traits in yellow catfish (Pelteobagruse fulvidraco). Heridity (Beijing) 34:72–78
Acknowledgments
We greatly thank Dr. Guanpin Yang for the review of this paper writing and suggestions of data processing. This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (200903046-02) from Ministry of agriculture, P R China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Guiwei Zou and Yuanyuan Zhu have contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zou, G., Zhu, Y., Liang, H. et al. Association of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and myogenic factor 6 genes with growth traits in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquacult Int 23, 1217–1225 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-015-9878-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-015-9878-7