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Protein replacement in practical diets altered gut allochthonous bacteria of cultured cyprinid species with different food habits

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Abstract

As the cheap and sustainable recycled natural resources, intestinal casing meal (ICM) and yeast of monosodium glutamate (YMG) might be alternative protein sources in aquaculture diets. To determine the effects of dietary ICM and YMG on fish growth, feed utilization and gut allochthonous bacteria, 8-week feeding trials were conducted with blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, MA; a typical herbivorous cultured fish species in China), black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus, MP; a typical carnivorous species in China) and gibel carp (Carassius gibelio, CG; a typical omnivorous species in China) with partial or complete replacement of soybean meal by ICM or ICM and YMG mixture. The results indicated that ICM and YMG incorporation had positive effects (P value >0.05) on weight gain and feed conversion rate. The complete replacement altered the gut allochthonous microbiota of gibel carp and black carp (Cs < 0.70). Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes and uncultured bacteria were predominant bacteria in these fish intestine by DGGE detection. Compared with the control diet group with SBM, intestinal allochthonous bacteria of fishes fed with ICM and YMG were significantly stimulated, such as proteobacterium clone (EF707282.1), Cetobacterium somerae (AB353124) and some Bacillus subtilis dependent on fish species. Based on these results, ICM and YMG have the potential to replace SBM in aqua feed, and altered gut allochthonous bacteria variedly as fish food habitats.

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Abbreviations

CF:

Condition factor

CG:

Carassius gibelio

Cs:

Coefficients

DGGE:

16S rDNA PCR–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

FBW:

The final body weight of fish

FCR:

Feed conversion ratio

IBW:

The initial body weight of fish

ICM:

Intestinal casing meal

ITd :

The total dry diet consumption

MA:

Megalobrama amblycephala

MP:

Mylopharyngodon piceus

SBM:

Soybean meal

SR:

Survival rate

T :

The experimental days

TI:

Trypsin inhibitors

WG:

Weight gains

YMG:

Yeast of monosodium glutamate

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program Project of China (2012BAD25B02), the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972265), and Beijing earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (SCGWZJ 20121104-4).

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Correspondence to Zhigang Zhou.

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Zhimin Li and Li Xu have contributed equally to this work.

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Li, Z., Xu, L., Liu, W. et al. Protein replacement in practical diets altered gut allochthonous bacteria of cultured cyprinid species with different food habits. Aquacult Int 23, 913–928 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-014-9851-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-014-9851-x

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